Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: A Non-bacterial Microorganism Used as Probiotic Agent in Supporting Treatment of Selected Diseases
Open accessAbstract
The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a unique, non-bacterial microorganism classified as a probiotic agent. In this review article, at first, we briefly summarized the mechanisms responsible for its probiotic properties, e.g. adhesion to and elimination of enteropathogenic microorganisms and their toxins; extracellular cleavage of pathogens’ virulent factors; trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa. The efficacy of S. boulardii administration was tested in variety of human diseases. We discussed the results of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter pylori infections, diarrhoea ( Clostridium difficile infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and traveller’s diarrhoea), inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, candidiasis, dyslipidemia, and small intestine bacterial overgrowth in patients with multiple sclerosis. In case of limited number of studies regarding this strain, we also presented studies demonstrating properties and efficacy of other strains of S. boulardii. Administration of S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 during antibiotic therapy has certain advantage over bacterial probiotics, because—due to its fungal natural properties—it is intrinsically resistant to the antibiotics and cannot promote the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Even though cases of fungemia following S. boulardii CNCM I-745 administration were reported, it should be treated as a widely available and safe probiotic strain.
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The presence of such ARGs and VFs may have clinical relevance, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with disrupted gut barriers, where opportunities for opportunistic infection or horizontal gene transfer may be increased.
“The presence of such ARGs and VFs may have clinical relevance, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with disrupted gut barriers, where opportunities for opportunistic infection or horizontal gene transfer may be increased.22,29-35”
From Safety and efficacy concerns in Indian probiotics: Insights from whole-genome sequencing and <i>in vitro</i> assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
The “Safety of S. boulardii” section (page unavailable) reports more Saccharomyces infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients and identifies fungemia as a severe complication, particularly in patients with severe intestinal disease and an indwelling catheter. That supports a limited concern about opportunistic infection, but the paper does not link that risk to the presence of ARGs or VFs or report increased horizontal gene transfer in these patients. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- [50]Kelly CP Chong Nguyen C Palmieri LJ Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 modulates the fecal bile acids metabolism during antimicrobial therapy in healthy volunteers Front Microbiol 2019 10 336 30881353 PMC6407479
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Madhumathi, I., Ramesh, V., Rathakrishnan, B., Abirami, B., Gunasekaran, K., Kumar, T. S., Jeyasankar, P., Raja, G., Selvam, K., Rajendran, S., et al. (2026) · Gut microbes reports · doi:10.1080/29933935.2026.2668863
“29-35 Genomic studies of the composite genome of Bacillus from the probiotic Enterogermina ® formulation have similarly reported a mobilome enriched with transposons and other mobile genetic elements, along with a novel plasmid sequence.”
- Authors
- Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, K., Ruszkowski, J., Fic, M., Folwarski, M., & Makarewicz, W.
- Affiliations
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Microbiology
- Published
- 2020-05-29
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1987-1996
- ISSN
- 0343-8651 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0991
- PMC
- PMC7415030
- OpenAlex
- W3031483540
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, probiotics, Helicobacter pylori infection, Clostridium difficile infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, candidiasis, dyslipidemia, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, multiple sclerosis, antibiotic resistance, fungemia, intestinal mucosa, anti-inflammatory activity
- MeSH terms
- Saccharomyces boulardii, Diarrhea, Humans, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections, Probiotics
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