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Priming of pop-out: I. Role of features
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We examined a visual search task, in which observers responded to the high-acuity aspect of a pop-out target (shape of an odd-colored diamond or vernier offset of an odd spatial-frequency patch). Repetition of the attention-driving feature (color or spatial frequency) in this task primes the pop-out; repetition of the high-acuity aspect (shape, vernier offset) does not. Priming of pop-out is due to a decaying memory trace of the attention-focusing feature laid down with each trial. The trace exerts a diminishing effect over the following five to eight trials (approximately 30 sec), and its influence over this time is cumulative. Observers cannot wilfully overcome the priming, which suggests that it is passive and autonomous. Both target facilitation and distractor inhibition are evident; the former has a greater effect. The phenomenon shows complete binocular transfer.
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“For instance, (intertrial) priming is a powerful way by which current selection can be biased toward stimuli that have been selected in the very recent past (e.g., on the previous trial) irrespective of other concurrently active attentional control processes (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994; Tulving & Schacter, 1990).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994
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“Priming between trials, or intertrial priming, occurred for up to eight successive trials, even when participants were unware of repetitions (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 2000), or when they were informed that the target was unlikely to be same between trials (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994
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“One widely known influence of memory processes on attentional selection is priming, which describes how a stimulus (feature) that has been repeatedly attended in the recent past is more efficiently selected and identified on the current trial (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994; Tulving & Schacter, 1990).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994
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Metadata
- Authors
- Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nakayama, Ken
- ORCID
- Nakayama, Ken
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 657-672
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2035101688
- Cited by
- 1,107
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- pop-out, attentional priming, visual search, feature-based attention, color attention, spatial frequency, memory trace decay, distractor inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Color Perception, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Visual Acuity, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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