Cited by 324Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder from Childhood to Adulthood

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Wilens, Timothy E., Spencer, Thomas J.·2010·Postgraduate Medicine

DOI 10.3810/pgm.2010.09.2206PMC PMC3724232

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Abstract

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders requiring treatment in children and adolescents. The disorder is often chronic, with prominent symptoms and impairment spanning into adulthood. It is often associated with co-occurring disorders, including disruptive, mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. The diagnosis of ADHD is clinically established by review of symptoms and impairment. The biological underpinning of the disorder is supported by genetic, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and neuropsychological data. All aspects of an individual's life need to be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Multimodal treatment includes educational, family, and individual support. Psychotherapy alone and in combination with medication is helpful for treating patients with ADHD and comorbid disorders. Pharmacotherapy, including stimulants, noradrenergic agents, α-agonists, and antidepressants, plays a fundamental role in the long-term management of ADHD.

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Authors: Wilens, T. E., & Spencer, T. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Wilens, Timothy E.
ORCID: Wilens, Timothy E.
Spencer, Thomas J.
Venue: Postgraduate Medicine
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-09-01
Volume: 122
Issue: 5
Pages: 97-109
ISSN: 0032-5481 (ISSN-L)
1941-9260
DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2010.09.2206
PMC: PMC3724232
OpenAlex: W1968454895
Cited by: 324
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Postgraduate Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA016264)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD comorbidity, ADHD diagnosis, ADHD pathophysiology, ADHD medication, stimulant medication, noradrenergic agents, alpha-adrenergic agonists, antidepressants, multimodal therapy, psychotherapy, coming of age, neuroimaging
MeSH terms: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Propylamines, Psychotherapy, Remedial Teaching, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders

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Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder from Childhood to Adulthood

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