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Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder from Childhood to Adulthood
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders requiring treatment in children and adolescents. The disorder is often chronic, with prominent symptoms and impairment spanning into adulthood. It is often associated with co-occurring disorders, including disruptive, mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. The diagnosis of ADHD is clinically established by review of symptoms and impairment. The biological underpinning of the disorder is supported by genetic, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and neuropsychological data. All aspects of an individual's life need to be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Multimodal treatment includes educational, family, and individual support. Psychotherapy alone and in combination with medication is helpful for treating patients with ADHD and comorbid disorders. Pharmacotherapy, including stimulants, noradrenergic agents, α-agonists, and antidepressants, plays a fundamental role in the long-term management of ADHD.
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“and in adult age it is a risk factor for various mental disorders [6, 7].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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Wilens, T. E., Vitulano, M., Upadhyaya, H., Adamson, J., Sawtelle, R., Utzinger, L., & Biederman, J. (2008) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.030 · Cited by 103
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Seidman, L. J., Doyle, A., Fried, R., Valera, E., Crum, K., & Matthews, L. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.005 · Cited by 95
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Wozniak, J. R., Gunawardene, S. C., Wong, J., & Monuteaux, M. C. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01666-9 · Cited by 94
Self-citationCardiovascular Monitoring of Children and Adolescents Receiving Psychotropic Drugs
Gutgesell, H. P., Atkins, D. L., Barst, R. J., Buck, M. L., Franklin, W., Humes, R. A., Ringel, R., Shaddy, R. E., & Taubert, K. A. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.7.979 · Cited by 93
Wilens, T., Prince, J. B., Spencer, T., Patten, S. L. V., Doyle, R., Girard, K., Hammerness, P. G., Goldman, S., Brown, S., & Biederman, J. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01664-5 · Cited by 82
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Vitiello, B. (2001) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454601750143384 · Cited by 76
Inhibitory Performance, Response Speed, Intraindividual Variability, and Response Accuracy in ADHD
de Zeeuw, P., Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., Bijlhout, J., Konig, C. E., Uiterweer, A. P., Papanikolau, A., Hoogenraad, C., Imandt, L., Been, D. D., Sergeant, J. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318172eee9 · Cited by 74
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McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Chua, S. E., Oosterlaan, J., Hung, S.-F., Tang, C.-P., Lee, C.-C., Kwong, S.-L., Ho, T.-P., Cheung, C., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051359 · Cited by 73
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Early-Onset Substance Use Disorders
Wilson, J. J., & Levin, F. R. (2005) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.751 · Cited by 71
Parasrampuria, D., Schoedel, K., Schuller, R., Silber, S., Ciccone, P., Gu, J., & Sellers, E. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181515205 · Cited by 65
Wilens, T. E., Zusman, R. M., Hammerness, P. G., Podolski, A., Whitley, J., Spencer, T. J., Gignac, M., & Biederman, J. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0502 · Cited by 54
Self-citationPharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults
Wilens, T. E. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900002960 · Cited by 50
Self-citationBiederman, J., & Pliszka, S. R. (2007) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.052 · Cited by 37
Methylphenidate to treat ADHD is not contraindicated in children with tics
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ADHD Drugs and Cardiovascular Risk
Rappley, M. D., MOORE, J. W., & Dokken, D. L. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc061187 · Cited by 29
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The SAGE handbook of developmental disorders
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, S. C. O. Q. I. A. M. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654 · Cited by 2,185
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wilens, T. E., & Spencer, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilens, Timothy E.
- Venue
- Postgraduate Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 97-109
- ISSN
- 0032-5481 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-9260
- PMC
- PMC3724232
- OpenAlex
- W1968454895
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Postgraduate Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA016264)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD comorbidity, ADHD diagnosis, ADHD pathophysiology, ADHD medication, stimulant medication, noradrenergic agents, alpha-adrenergic agonists, antidepressants, multimodal therapy, psychotherapy, coming of age, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Propylamines, Psychotherapy, Remedial Teaching, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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