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Biological Significance of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in Human Health - A Review
Open accessAbstract
The recognition of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is associated with history of an unrelenting search for the cause of the ancient hemorrhagic disease scurvy. Isolated in 1928, vitamin C is essential for the development and maintenance of connective tissues. It plays an important role in bone formation, wound healing and the maintenance of healthy gums. Vitamin C plays an important role in a number of metabolic functions including the activation of the B vitamin, folic acid, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and the conversion of the amino acid, tryptophan, to the neurotransmitter, serotonin. It is an antioxidant that protects body from free radicals` damages. It is used as therapeutic agent in many diseases and disorders. Vitamin C protects the immune system, reduces the severity of allergic reactions and helps fight off infections.
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“Vitamin C is crucial for immune system function [1,2,3,4] and protects against damage from reactive oxygen species [5,6].”
From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Consequently, adequate cell and tissue stores of vitamin C maintain resistance to infections [5].”
From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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“radicals released by the body in its fight against the Vitamin C has been shown to improve the effects of infection (Sies and Wilhelm, 1995).”
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“Vitamin C is ubiquitous, but humans, guinea pigs, some primates, a particular type of fruiteating bat, the majority of fishes and birds do not produce it, and therefore they depend on diet for the assumption and use of this fundamental nutrient [20].”
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“Also, reports suggest that as an antioxidant, ascorbic acid indirectly contributes to the fight against free radical damage in cell membrane by rejuvenating vitamin E and thereby reducing the destructive process of lipid peroxidation (37).”
BackgroundJuma, I. (2025) · Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution · doi:10.1007/s10722-025-02488-8 · Cited by 9
“Similarly, vitamin C plays a crucial role in immune system support, skin health, and wound healing (Iqbal et al. 2004).”
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EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE CHRONIC PHASE OF CHAGAS DISEASE
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Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C: An Overview of Various Biological Activities
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The Cure from Nature: The Extraordinary Anticancer Properties of Ascorbate (Vitamin C)
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“Prevents the development of nitrosamines [2]”
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“Large doses of vitamin C have been found to reduce asthma symptoms significantly (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
Tarahomi, P., Arab, M., Seyedinia, S. A., Rahmani, M., Rashidy-Pour, A., Vafaei, A. A., & Raise-Abdullahi, P. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70262 · Cited by 7
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Suhera, Aburawi, Bassma, Doro, Ebtisam, & Awad (2019) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.17265/2328-2150/2019.08.003 · Cited by 7
“synthesize vitamin C and obtains it from diet [1].”
Panda, S., Behera, S., Sahu, U. C., Ray, R., Kayitesi, E., & Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A. (2016) · doi:10.1080/20421338.2015.1128042 · Cited by 7
“and the absorption of iron in the gut (Iqbal et al. 2004).”
BackgroundVetr, F., Moradi-Shoeili, Z., & Moafi, H. F. (2024) · Chemické zvesti · doi:10.1007/s11696-024-03357-x · Cited by 6
“…a beneficial chemical commonly found in citrus fruits, berries, vegetables, and supplements, also known as vitamin C. AA is supplied from natural sources instead of L-gulonolactone oxidase as a regulator of excessive blood pressure and helps to maintain a healthy neural system (Iqbal et al. 2004).”
Optimization of ingredients level for developing yellow passion (passiflora edulis) fruit jam
Tadele, B., Abera, S., & Dereje, B. (2022) · International Journal of Fruit Science · doi:10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515 · Cited by 6
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF LOWTEMPERATURE VACUUM DRYING FOR BANANA
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“Reducing the reactions relating to severe allergies, preventing human from being infected and positive moderating for the immune system are some of the advantages that vitamin C can also provide (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTotal phenol, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid content of Iranian commercial orange juice
Ashari, H., Sadeghi, N., Oveisi, M., & Hajimahmoodi, M. (2021) · doi:10.18502/jfsh.v6i1.6022 · Cited by 6
“Ascorbic acid has been proposed an antioxidant effect that under certain status can protect against oxidative conclude DNA damage (17).”
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Antioxidant Supplements: Friend or Foe?
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Determination of fatty acid and tocopherol contents in Chandler × Kaplan-86 F1 walnut population
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“The major vitamin of walnut kernel is γ-tocopherol, which is a vitamin E homologue and used to protect the mucus and skin cell membranes against the harmful effects of free radicals (Iqbal et al., 2004; Şen and Karadeniz, 2015).”
BackgroundDevelopment and Quality Assessment of Cassava-Sweet Potato Non-Alcoholic Beverage
Wireko-Manu, F. D., Agyare, A., Agbenorhevi, J., & Oduro, I. (2016) · doi:10.15406/mojfpt.2016.02.00040 · Cited by 5
BEBIDA LÁCTEA COM LEITE CAPRINO E SORO CAPRINO É ALTERNATIVA PARA APROVEITAMENTO DA POLPA DE UMBU
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Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Mental Depression Drug Therapy: Clinical Study
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“Although Ascorbic acid helps to lower blood cholesterol and has a role in its metabolism leading to increase its elimination [43].”
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Nam, S., Seo, J., Nahm, S.-S., & Chang, B.-J. (2019) · Journal of Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.2131/jts.44.799 · Cited by 5
“Ascorbic acid is a cofactor of many enzymes and is involved in the synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and catecholamines (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
Applications of nanotechnology in nutrition: potential and safety issues
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“These results are promising for the high content of ascorbic acid or vitamin C (whose importance in human health is well documented [37]), while the presence of high amounts of phenolic compounds makes it more interesting due to their high antioxidant activity, remaining at high levels even at t7…”
BackgroundEffect of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters of Fruit Fly in the Presence of Fe (II)
Genç, B., & Karaman, M. (2023) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03960-1 · Cited by 4
“AA, which is widely found in plants, has strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties [9].”
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“Ascorbic acid (AA) (vitamin C), (Figure 1b), is a water-soluble, unstable antioxidant, easily oxidized acid and can be destroyed by oxygen, alkali and high temperature (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundRostami, A., Kiani, F., Saraei, A. G., Koohyar, F., & Omran, M. M. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.117 · Cited by 4
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“Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is an antioxidant (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundHigh Doses of Vitamin C and Leukemia: In Vitro Update
Mastrangelo, D., Massai, L., Fioritoni, G., Lo‐Coco, F., Noguera, N. I., & Testa, U. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.71484 · Cited by 3
“Vitamin C is an essential nutrient with a number of beneficial functions, for the organism [1], such as”
BackgroundChakraborty, K., Raola, V. K., Joy, M., & Makkar, F. (2016) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315416000527 · Cited by 4
“It additionally helps the body to absorb iron and calcium, supports in wound healing and contributes to brain function (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundEvaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Some Selected Tropical Fruits in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Tanjung, E., Ms, M. H., Thalib, I., & Suhartono, E. (2014) · doi:10.11594/jtls.04.03.09 · Cited by 4
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“This may be due to the ability of vitamin C to improve the absorption of iron from the gut (Iqbal et al. 2004; Wardlaw 1999; Sayers et al. 1973) by facilitating the reduction of oxidized iron to its reduced form.”
BackgroundVitamin C: is it time to re-evaluate its role in health and disease?
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“Hence, to achieve the maximal gastrointestinal absorption, several doses smaller than 1000 mg, spaced throughout the day, are better than a single large dose [13, 16].”
BackgroundInfluentialDETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C IN FLOWERS OF SOME BOSNIAN CRATAEGUS L. SPECIES
Tahirović, A., Čopra-Janićijević, A., Bašić, N., Klepo, L., & Subašić, M. (2012) · Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu · doi:10.54652/rsf.2012.v42.i2.119 · Cited by 4
“Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water soluble antioxidant which is found in variable quantities in fruits and vegetables (SZETO ET AL., 2002; IGBAL ET AL., 2004).”
BackgroundMaharshi, V., Kumar, V. L., Sarangi, S., Upadhyay, A. D., & Kumar, A. (2021) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0243 · Cited by 3
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“It is a vital antioxidant that helps protect cancer by blocking the damage made by free radicals [18].”
BackgroundRole of Antioxidants Supplementation in the Treatment of Male Infertility
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“It assists in the metabolic processes of folic acid, tyrosine and tryptophan [127].”
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Vitamin C in Sepsis: Exploring Its Role in Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
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“Its deficiency leads to anaemia, scurvy, infections and bleeding gums, delayed wound healing and neurotic disturbances (Iqbal et al. 2004).”
IDENTIFICATION OF VITAMIN C IN FLOWERS AND LEAVES MALUS SPP.
Goncharovska, I., Levon, V., Kuznetsov, V. V., & Antonyuk, G. O. (2022) · chemistry of plant raw material · doi:10.14258/jcprm.20220310874 · Cited by 2
Dalicuba, M., Nel, A., & van Jaarsvled, F. P. (2021) · South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture · doi:10.21548/42-2-4394 · Cited by 2
“…to the importance of ascorbic acid in winemaking, this acid is vital for human growth and the maintenance of healthy bones, teeth, gums, ligaments and blood vessels as it acts as an antioxidant that chemically binds and neutralises the tissue-damaging effects of free radicals (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSalem, M., El-zawahry, E.-Y. I., Rasheid, H. E., & Nabeeh, A. (2018) · Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science · doi:10.21608/absb.2018.33760 · Cited by 2
“…membrane (Ohyashiki et al., 1991). vitamin C improved the RBC depressed by CPF due to the ability of the antioxidant vitamin to improve the absorption of iron from the gut (Iqbal et al., 2004; Wardlaw, 1999) by facilitating the reduction of oxidized iron to its reduced form (Sayers et al., 1973).”
BackgroundIs vitamin C able to prevent premature rupture of membranes
Aryanti, C. (2016) · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20151600 · Cited by 2
J.H., F., Rc, G., P.L., F., Mn, G. D. S., Sm, C., & Malafaia, G. (2016) · General Medicine Open Access · doi:10.4172/2327-5146.1000276 · Cited by 2
“Similarly, carotenoids are associated with many therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, epithelial protection and fetal development [55].”
BackgroundINVESTIGAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE EM FRUTOS DO CERRADO TOCANTINENSE
Soares, M. F. R. (2015) · doi:10.18605/2175-7275/cereus.v12n1p64-76 · Cited by 2
Antioxidants and Natural Compounds in Mexican Foods
Barrita, J. L. S., Benavides, S., & Sánchez, S. (2015) · doi:10.5772/61626 · Cited by 2
Tugiyanti, E., Yuwanta, T., Zuprizal, Z., Rusman, R., & Ismoyowati, I. (2015) · Animal Production · doi:10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.2.504 · Cited by 2
“About 80-90% ascorbic acid carnitine and the catecholamines was absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundEffects of benfluorex–vitamin C supplementation on cutaneous capillaries of diabetic rats
Kılıçaslan, S. M. S., & Özer, Ç. (2009) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.01.009 · Cited by 2
“Vitamin C may lower abnormal attachment of sugar (glycolysation) to proteins and accumulation of sorbitol (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundVitamin E and Testicular Damage Protection in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Azu, O., & Naidu, E. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809853-0.00019-5 · Cited by 2
Badea, M., Florescu, M., Veregut, V., Chelmea, L., Corcan, O., Floroian, L., Restani, P., Marty, J., & Moga, M. (2015) · doi:10.5923/j.aac.20150504.01 · Cited by 2
“Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant, it has the property of being water soluble, may act as both intracellular and extracellular in order to protect the body against free radicals and pollutants [5].”
Backgroundal., K. E. (2024) · Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.21608/ejabf.2024.391041 · Cited by 1
“…lipids and glycogen, which are associated with the liver’s stander metabolic process The kidney is essential for homeostasis by eliminating waste from the blood and facilitating reabsorption, which helps regulate blood and body fluid volume and pH, as well as erythropoiesis (Iqbal et al., 2004) .”
The Vitamin C Level in Cases with Hematological Malignancies
Sincan, G., Erdem, F., & Kızıltunç, A. (2024) · Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.35440/hutfd.1458028 · Cited by 1
Micronutrient Consumption Among Postpartum Women and Food Insecurity
Freire, J. K. S., da Silveira, J. A. C., Longo‐Silva, G., Silva‐Neto, L. G. R., de Andrade, M. I. S., Soares, L. D. L., Oliveira, J. S., Barros, L. D. M., Marinho, P. D. M., & de Menezes, R. C. E. (2024) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.2024.2399019 · Cited by 1
“Deficiency of this vitamin can also lead to anemia, infections, bleeding gums, muscle degeneration, poor healing, atherosclerotic plaques, capillary hemorrhage, and nervous disorders (Iqbal, Khan, and Khattak 2004).”
Alharbi, A., Bamaga, A., Algarni, M. A., Abduljabbar, M., Alnemari, R. M., Althobaiti, Y. S., Alsenani, F., Abdelazim, A., & Almalki, A. H. (2024) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2024.115649 · Cited by 1
Bofars, M. S. (2024) · Biological and Biomedical Journal · doi:10.21608/bbj.2024.263771.1044 · Cited by 1
“It participates in numerous biochemical reactions, suggesting that Vit-C is important for the body's process of repair (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundShakeel, Q., Mubeen, M., & You, J. (2023) · Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control. · doi:10.22194/pdc/2.105 · Cited by 1
“Water-soluble vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is present in varying amounts in various plants (Iqbal et al., 2004).”
BackgroundGalasheva, A., Makarkina, M., & Vetrova, O. (2023) · Вестник российской сельскохозяйственной науки · doi:10.31857/2500-2082/2023/5/47-51 · Cited by 1
Kamranikheiri, M., & Koşar, M. (2023) · Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology · doi:10.34172/jhp.2023.30 · Cited by 1
“Vitamin C as a critical antioxidant and radical scavenger agent plays crucial roles in some important procedures, e.g., tissue repairing, stimulation of neurotransmitters secretion, and immune system improvement (6).”
BackgroundQDs Based Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Detection of Ascorbic Acid
Tu, L.-P., & Xu, G.-W. (2021) · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1033.77 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore AA is an important cofactor for various enzyme reaction pathways in the body [1].”
BackgroundShamran, S. J., & Jaffat, H. (2020) · doi:10.25258/ijpqa.11.3.20 · Cited by 1
Bekheet, E., & Shokry, M. M. (2019) · Egyptian Journal of Histology · doi:10.21608/ejh.2019.15187.1144 · Cited by 1
Kibiti, C., & Afolayan, A. (2018) · African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines · doi:10.21010/ajtcamv15i3.5 · Cited by 1
Mushtaq, R., Dogar, M., & Mehmood, T. (2017) · doi:10.19045/bspab.2017.60065 · Cited by 1
Less-known Leaf Vegetables Grown in Slovak Republic Conditions: New Sources of Antioxidants
Šlosár, M., Mezeyová, I., & Hegedüsová, A. (2016) · doi:10.5513/jcea01/17.3.1765 · Cited by 1
“According to the Iqbal et al. (2004), vitamin C helps to prevent human organism by elimination of nitrosamine formation which descend from nitrates contained in many food sources.”
BackgroundEfficacy of Some Antibiotics in Curing Resistant Escherichia coli Infection
El-Banna, T., El-Aziz, A. A., El‐Mahdy, N. A., & Samy, Y. (2015) · Journal of Biosciences and Medicines · doi:10.4236/jbm.2015.37005 · Cited by 1
Bughdadi, F. A. (2014) · American Journal of Zoological Research · doi:10.12691/ajzr-2-1-1 · Cited by 1
Ibrahim, N., Gaballah, A., & Hendawy, H. (2012) · doi:10.21608/blj.2012.64251 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Iqbal, K., Khan, A., & Khan Khattak, M. M. A.
- Venue
- Pakistan Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Science Insights
- Published
- 2003-12-15
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-13
- ISSN
- 1680-5194 (ISSN-L)
- 1994-7984
- OpenAlex
- W2111933236
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pakistan Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- vitamin C, scurvy, connective tissue, bone formation, wound healing, gingival health, folic acid, bile acid synthesis, antioxidants, free radicals, immune system, allergy, infection
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