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trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Open accessAbstract
Background Dairy consumption is linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but constituents responsible for this relation are not established. Emerging evidence suggests that trans-palmitoleate (trans 16:1n-7), a fatty acid in dairy and also partially hydrogenated oils, may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and less incident diabetes.Objective We investigated the association of trans-palmitoleate with metabolic risk and incident diabetes in a multiethnic US cohort.Design Phospholipid fatty acids and metabolic risk factors were measured in 2000-2002 among 2617 adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort of white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese Americans. In 2281 participants free of baseline diabetes, we also prospectively assessed the risk of new-onset diabetes (205 cases) from baseline to 2005-2007.Results trans-Palmitoleate concentrations correlated positively with self-reported consumption of whole-fat dairy, butter, margarine, and baked desserts and with other circulating biomarkers of both dairy fat and partially hydrogenated oil consumption, which suggested mixed dietary sources. After multivariable adjustment, trans-palmitoleate concentrations were associated with higher LDL cholesterol (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: +6.4%; P-trend = 0.005), lower triglycerides (-19.1%; P-trend < 0.001), lower fasting insulin (-9.1%; P-trend = 0.002), and lower systolic blood pressure (-2.4 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.01). In prospective analyses, trans-palmitoleate was independently associated with lower incident diabetes (P-trend = 0.02), including a 48% lower risk in quintile 5 compared with quintile 1 (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.85). All findings were similar between men and women and between different race-ethnic subgroups.Conclusions Circulating trans-palmitoleate is associated with higher LDL cholesterol but also with lower triglycerides, fasting insulin, blood pressure, and incident diabetes in a multiethnic US cohort. Our findings support the need for further experimental and dietary intervention studies that target circulating trans-palmitoleate. The MESA trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005487.
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“that dairy fat may have potential benefits for diabetes;59-61”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
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“In cohorts utilizing objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with lower incidence of diabetes59-61, 242, 243 and CHD,39, 244, 245 with mixed findings for stroke.246”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mozaffarian, D., de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Lemaitre, R. N., Fretts, A. M., Hotamisligil, G., Tsai, M. Y., Siscovick, D. S., & Nettleton, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 854-861
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3607658
- OpenAlex
- W2151042915
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 24.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc095169-003, n01hc95159-40-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC-95159, R01HL085710, N01 HC95169)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK082729)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR024156)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- trans-palmitoleic acid, milk fat, type 2 diabetes, new-onset diabetes, partially hydrogenated oils, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, blood pressure, phospholipid fatty acids, dairy consumption, metabolic risk, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, racial and ethnic differences, dietary biomarkers, butter, margarine
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Pressure, Dairy Products, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Dietary Fats, Ethnicity, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Humans, Hydrogenation, Insulin, Lipids, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Phospholipids, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, United States, Biomarkers, Trans Fatty Acids, Atherosclerosis
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