Dietary patterns are associated with biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Open accessAbstract
Background Dietary patterns may influence cardiovascular disease risk through effects on inflammation and endothelial activation.Objective We examined relations between dietary patterns and markers of inflammation and endothelial activation.Design At baseline, diet (food-frequency questionnaire) and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), homocysteine, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble E selectin were assessed in 5089 nondiabetic participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Results Four dietary patterns were derived by using factor analysis. The fats and processed meats pattern (fats, oils, processed meats, fried potatoes, salty snacks, and desserts) was positively associated with CRP (P for trend < 0.001), IL-6 (P for trend < 0.001), and homocysteine (P for trend = 0.002). The beans, tomatoes, and refined grains pattern (beans, tomatoes, refined grains, and high-fat dairy products) was positively related to sICAM-1 (P for trend = 0.007). In contrast, the whole grains and fruit pattern (whole grains, fruit, nuts, and green leafy vegetables) was inversely associated with CRP, IL-6, homocysteine (P for trend < or = 0.001), and sICAM-1 (P for trend = 0.034), and the vegetables and fish pattern (fish and dark-yellow, cruciferous, and other vegetables) was inversely related to IL-6 (P for trend = 0.009). CRP, IL-6, and homocysteine relations across the fats and processed meats and whole grains and fruit patterns were independent of demographics and lifestyle factors and were not modified by race-ethnicity. CRP and homocysteine relations were independent of waist circumference.Conclusions These results corroborate previous findings that empirically derived dietary patterns are associated with inflammation and show that these relations in an ethnically diverse population with unique dietary habits are similar to findings in more homogeneous populations.
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In subjects with initial CRP levels above 3.0 mg/l, exercise training reduced CRP by about 1.3 mg/l.
“Further stratification according to basal CRP levels showed a reduction by about 1•3 mg/l in subjects with initial CRP levels above 3•0 mg/l.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [221]
In the HERITAGE Family Study, a 20-week standardised exercise training programme produced a non-significant CRP reduction of 1.2-2.2 mg/l across groups.
“A non-significant reduction in CRP concentration was consistent across all groups and varied between 1•2 and 2•2 mg/l.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [221]
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- Authors
- Nettleton, J. A., Steffen, L. M., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Jenny, N. S., Jiang, R., Herrington, D. M., & Jacobs, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nettleton, Jennifer A
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1369-1379
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2933059
- OpenAlex
- W2160758014
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 22.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95166-21-0-1, n01hc95163-22-0-1, n01hc95159-40-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC-95159, N01 HC095163, N01-HC-095159, N01-HC, N01 HC095166, N01‐HC‐95166, HC95159, HL07779, T32HL007779)
- National Center for Research Resources (N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95159, RR 00645, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- dietary habits, inflammation, endothelial activation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, homocysteine, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, cardiovascular risk, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, race and ethnicity, waist circumference
- MeSH terms
- Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Ethnicity, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, United States, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, E-Selectin, Atherosclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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