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DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes
Open accessAbstract
Background Observational studies associate higher intakes of n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) during pregnancy with higher gestation duration and birth size. The results of randomized supplementation trials using various n-3 LCPUFA sources and amounts are mixed.Objective We tested the hypothesis that 600 mg/d of the n-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can increase maternal and newborn DHA status, gestation duration, birth weight, and length. Safety was assessed.Design This phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between January 2006 and October 2011. Women (n = 350) consumed capsules (placebo, DHA) from <20 wk of gestation to birth. Blood (enrollment, birth, and cord) was analyzed for red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid DHA. The statistical analysis was intent-to-treat.Results Most of the capsules were consumed (76% placebo; 78% DHA); the mean DHA intake for the treated group was 469 mg/d. In comparison with placebo, DHA supplementation resulted in higher maternal and cord RBC-phospholipid-DHA (2.6%; P < 0.001), longer gestation duration (2.9 d; P = 0.041), and greater birth weight (172 g; P = 0.004), length (0.7 cm; P = 0.022), and head circumference (0.5 cm; P = 0.012). In addition, the DHA group had fewer infants born at <34 wk of gestation (P = 0.025) and shorter hospital stays for infants born preterm (40.8 compared with 8.9 d; P = 0.026) than did the placebo group. No safety concerns were identified.Conclusions A supplement of 600 mg DHA/d in the last half of gestation resulted in overall greater gestation duration and infant size. A reduction in early preterm and very-low birth weight could be important clinical and public health outcomes of DHA supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266825.
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“DHA supplementation also resulted in longer gestation duration (2.9 day; P = 0.041), greater birth weight (172 g; P = 0.004), birth length (0.7 cm; P = 0.022), and head circumference (0.5 cm; P = 0.012).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“Preterm infants born in the DHA-supplemented group had a shorter hospital stay than that in the placebo group (8.9 vs. 40.8 days; P = 0.026).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“Data from another recent double-blind, randomized, and controlled intervention trial involving 530 women who, from 20 weeks of gestation till birth, received either a DHA-rich algal oil capsule (providing 600 mg/day of DHA) or a matched vegetable oil capsules without DHA also demonstrated reduced incidence of premature birth in the DHA group [131].”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the data demonstrated fewer infants born at < 34 weeks of gestation in the DHA-supplemented group compared to that in the placebo group (P = 0.025).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“The mean DHA intake for the DHA-supplemented group was 469 mg/day, resulting in higher maternal and cord RBC-phospholipid-DHA levels (2.6%; P < 0.001) than those in the placebo group.”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“There were no reported adverse effects and no safety concerns were identified in the DHA group.”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
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“…LC-PUFA composition of erythrocyte membranes does not appear to vary significantly in healthy children during the last weeks of gestation (4.7 ± 1.3% of total fatty acids for DHA at 24 GA [29], 5.2 ± 0.7% at 29 GA [30], 4.6 ± 0.4% at 33 GA [31], and 4.1% with a CI = [1.71–4.86] at 29 GA [32]).”
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“It is a major component of the pro-resolving lipid mediators of inflammation [18] and an essential element in the growth and development of the brain and retinal development in infants and normal brain function in adults [28,29].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carlson, S. E., Colombo, J., Gajewski, B. J., Gustafson, K. M., Mundy, D., Yeast, J., Georgieff, M. K., Markley, L. A., Kerling, E. H., & Shaddy, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 808-815
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3607655
- OpenAlex
- W2136748312
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 30.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P30DC005803)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD02528, R01HD047315, P30HD002528)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- docosahexaenoic acid, DHA supplementation, pregnancy, omega-3 fatty acids, gestation length, birth weight, birth length, preterm birth, very low birth weight, red blood cell phospholipids, supplement safety
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Body Height, Dietary Fats, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Double-Blind Method, Erythrocytes, Female, Gestational Age, Head, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Length of Stay, Phospholipids, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Umbilical Cord, Dietary Supplements, Fetal Development, Premature Birth, Young Adult
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