DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes
Open accessAbstract
Background Observational studies associate higher intakes of n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) during pregnancy with higher gestation duration and birth size. The results of randomized supplementation trials using various n-3 LCPUFA sources and amounts are mixed.Objective We tested the hypothesis that 600 mg/d of the n-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can increase maternal and newborn DHA status, gestation duration, birth weight, and length. Safety was assessed.Design This phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between January 2006 and October 2011. Women (n = 350) consumed capsules (placebo, DHA) from <20 wk of gestation to birth. Blood (enrollment, birth, and cord) was analyzed for red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid DHA. The statistical analysis was intent-to-treat.Results Most of the capsules were consumed (76% placebo; 78% DHA); the mean DHA intake for the treated group was 469 mg/d. In comparison with placebo, DHA supplementation resulted in higher maternal and cord RBC-phospholipid-DHA (2.6%; P < 0.001), longer gestation duration (2.9 d; P = 0.041), and greater birth weight (172 g; P = 0.004), length (0.7 cm; P = 0.022), and head circumference (0.5 cm; P = 0.012). In addition, the DHA group had fewer infants born at <34 wk of gestation (P = 0.025) and shorter hospital stays for infants born preterm (40.8 compared with 8.9 d; P = 0.026) than did the placebo group. No safety concerns were identified.Conclusions A supplement of 600 mg DHA/d in the last half of gestation resulted in overall greater gestation duration and infant size. A reduction in early preterm and very-low birth weight could be important clinical and public health outcomes of DHA supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266825.
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In that trial, DHA supplementation resulted in longer gestation duration (2.9 day; P = 0.041), greater birth weight (172 g; P = 0.004), birth length (0.7 cm; P = 0.022), and head circumference (0.5 cm; P = 0.012).
“DHA supplementation also resulted in longer gestation duration (2.9 day; P = 0.041), greater birth weight (172 g; P = 0.004), birth length (0.7 cm; P = 0.022), and head circumference (0.5 cm; P = 0.012).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In that trial, preterm infants born in the DHA-supplemented group had a shorter hospital stay than those in the placebo group (8.9 vs. 40.8 days; P = 0.026).
“Preterm infants born in the DHA-supplemented group had a shorter hospital stay than that in the placebo group (8.9 vs. 40.8 days; P = 0.026).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In another double-blind, randomized, controlled intervention trial involving 530 women who received either DHA-rich algal oil capsule (600 mg/day DHA) or matched vegetable oil capsules without DHA from 20 weeks of gestation till birth, there was reduced incidence of premature birth in the DHA group.
“Data from another recent double-blind, randomized, and controlled intervention trial involving 530 women who, from 20 weeks of gestation till birth, received either a DHA-rich algal oil capsule (providing 600 mg/day of DHA) or a matched vegetable oil capsules without DHA also demonstrated reduced incidence of premature birth in the DHA group [131].”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In that trial, fewer infants were born at <34 weeks of gestation in the DHA-supplemented group compared to placebo (P = 0.025).
“In addition, the data demonstrated fewer infants born at < 34 weeks of gestation in the DHA-supplemented group compared to that in the placebo group (P = 0.025).”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In that trial, the mean DHA intake for the DHA-supplemented group was 469 mg/day, resulting in higher maternal and cord RBC-phospholipid-DHA levels (2.6%; P < 0.001) than those in the placebo group.
“The mean DHA intake for the DHA-supplemented group was 469 mg/day, resulting in higher maternal and cord RBC-phospholipid-DHA levels (2.6%; P < 0.001) than those in the placebo group.”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In that trial, there were no reported adverse effects and no safety concerns were identified in the DHA group.
“There were no reported adverse effects and no safety concerns were identified in the DHA group.”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
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- Authors
- Carlson, S. E., Colombo, J., Gajewski, B. J., Gustafson, K. M., Mundy, D., Yeast, J., Georgieff, M. K., Markley, L. A., Kerling, E. H., & Shaddy, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 808-815
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3607655
- OpenAlex
- W2136748312
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 30.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P30DC005803)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD02528, R01HD047315, P30HD002528)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- docosahexaenoic acid, DHA supplementation, pregnancy, omega-3 fatty acids, gestation length, birth weight, birth length, preterm birth, very low birth weight, red blood cell phospholipids, supplement safety
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Body Height, Dietary Fats, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Double-Blind Method, Erythrocytes, Female, Gestational Age, Head, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Length of Stay, Phospholipids, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Umbilical Cord, Dietary Supplements, Fetal Development, Premature Birth, Young Adult
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