The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss in obese older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Intentional weight loss in obese older adults is a risk factor for muscle loss and sarcopenia.Objective The objective was to examine the effect of a high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-enriched supplement on muscle mass preservation during intentional weight loss in obese older adults.Design We included 80 obese older adults in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. During a 13-wk weight loss program, all subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (-600 kcal/d) and performed resistance training 3×/wk. Subjects were randomly allocated to a high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-enriched supplement including a mix of other macro- and micronutrients (150 kcal, 21 g protein; 10×/wk, intervention group) or an isocaloric control. The primary outcome was change in appendicular muscle mass. The secondary outcomes were body composition, handgrip strength, and physical performance. Data were analyzed by using ANCOVA and mixed linear models with sex and baseline value as covariates.Results At baseline, mean ± SD age was 63 ± 5.6 y, and body mass index (in kg/m(2)) was 33 ± 4.4. During the trial, protein intake was 1.11 ± 0.28 g · kg body weight(-1) · d(-1) in the intervention group compared with 0.85 ± 0.24 g · kg body weight(-1) · d(-1) in the control group (P < 0.001). Both intervention and control groups decreased in body weight (-3.4 ± 3.6 kg and -2.8 ± 2.8 kg; both P < 0.001) and fat mass (-3.2 ± 3.1 kg and -2.5 ± 2.4 kg; both P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. The 13-wk change in appendicular muscle mass, however, was different in the intervention and control groups [+0.4 ± 1.2 kg and -0.5 ± 2.1 kg, respectively; β = 0.95 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 1.81); P = 0.03]. Muscle strength and function improved over time without significant differences between groups.Conclusion A high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-enriched supplement compared with isocaloric control preserves appendicular muscle mass in obese older adults during a hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise program and might therefore reduce the risk of sarcopenia. This trial was registered at the Dutch Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl) as NTR2751.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“BIA has lower precision compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the gold standard for body composition assessment used in similar studies [58].”
From The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle mass without adversely affecting muscle strength”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“weight loss improves global physical function, most likely because of reduced fat mass”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“but does not improve muscle strength”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Whether increasing protein intake during weight loss can limit the weight-loss-induced loss of fat-free mass is unclear because of conflicting results reported in the literature (54, 56, 96, 98, 101-108).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The reductions in muscle mass in young and old men and women with obesity after diet-induced weight-loss of 8-10% were ;2-10% (47, 52-56, 59, 62-66).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Grip strength and global measures of physical function, such as balance, walking speed, or climbing stairs, improve after weight loss (52, 54-56, 93, 115, 127).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“high protein intake helps preserve lean body and muscle mass during weight loss”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“Randomized controlled trials in overweight and obese older adults (without coexisting sarcopenia) indicate that supplemental protein in combination with physical training is more effective in improving or preserving muscle mass and muscle strength than exercise alone.45,46”
From Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“There is evidence suggesting that preserving muscle mass requires ingesting a sufficient amount of high quality protein [1, 10].”
In the citing paper
“However, dietary protein intake among recreational athletes and adults engaging in intentional weight loss via caloric restriction is often insufficient to avoid muscle wasting [1, 5].”
In the citing paper
“The combination of high quality protein and resistance exercise is suggested to have a synergistic effect on muscle mass preservation during intentional weight loss [1].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792
Bauer, J., Biolo, G., Cederholm, T., Cesari, M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Morley, J. E., Phillips, S., Sieber, C., Stehle, P., Teta, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021 · Cited by 2,553
The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease
Wolfe, R. R. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.3.475 · Cited by 1,641
Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults
Villareal, D. T., Chode, S., Parimi, N., Sinacore, D. R., Hilton, T., Armamento-Villareal, R., Napoli, N., Qualls, C., & Shah, K. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1008234 · Cited by 1,096
Katsanos, C. S., Kobayashi, H., Sheffield-Moore, M., Aarsland, A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005 · Cited by 923
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. A. A. (. (2012) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557 · Cited by 739
Pennings, B., Boirie, Y., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., Kuipers, H., & van Loon, L. J. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.008102 · Cited by 656
Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions
Zamboni, M. M., Mazzali, G., Zoico, E., Harris, T. B., Meigs, J. B., Francesco, V. D., Fantin, F., Bissoli, L., & Bosello, O. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803005 · Cited by 654
Vitamin D Status Predicts Physical Performance and Its Decline in Older Persons
Wicherts, I. S., van Schoor, N. M., Boeke, A. J. P., Visser, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Smit, J., Knol, D. L., & Lips, P. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1525 · Cited by 606
Villareal, D. T., Apovian, C. M., Kushner, R. F., & Klein, S. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.228 · Cited by 579
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–105 of 105
Ispoglou, T., Deighton, K., King, R. F., White, H., & Lees, M. (2017) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0298-6 · Cited by 21
Brunani, A., Cancello, R., Gobbi, M., Lucchetti, E., Di Guglielmo, G., Maestrini, S., Cattaldo, S., Piterà, P., Ruocco, C., Milesi, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134257 · Cited by 8
Binmahfoz, A., Johnston, L., Dunning, E., Gray, C. M., & Gray, S. R. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00986-1 · Cited by 8
“BIA has lower precision compared to dual-energy X-ray absorp-tiometry (DXA), the gold standard for body composition assessment used in similar studies [58].”
Morton, R. W., & Phillips, S. M. (2018) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy068 · Cited by 5
Rossi, A. P., Rubele, S., & Zamboni, M. (2019) · Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810422-4.00006-3 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Verreijen, A. M., Verlaan, S., Engberink, M. F., Swinkels, S., de Vogel-van den Bosch, J., & Weijs, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Nutricia Research (Netherlands) (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Verreijen, Amely M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 279-286
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167583811
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20
- FWCI
- 11.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nutricia Research
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- whey protein supplements, leucine, vitamin D, sarcopenia, muscle mass preservation, intentional weight loss, obesity, older adults, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, physical performance, resistance training, hypocaloric diet, body composition, protein intake, fat loss, sarcopenic obesity
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Leucine, Male, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Motor Activity, Obesity, Vitamin D, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
