Changes in skeletal muscle and organ size after a weight-loss intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients
Open accessAbstract
Background The effect of a weight-loss intervention on the masses of lean tissues and organs in humans is not well known.Objective We studied the effects of a diet and exercise weight-loss intervention on skeletal muscle (SM) mass and selected organs over 2 y using MRI in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes.Design Participants were 53 women and 39 men [mean ± SD: age 58 ± 7 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2) 32 ± 3] enrolled in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial and randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE) on whom 2 y of data were collected. MRI-derived measurements of SM, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas were acquired.Results Adjusted for baseline weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity, the ILI group weighed (mean ± SE) 6.6 ± 0.7 kg less after 1 y and 5.2 ± 0.7 kg less after 2 y, whereas the DSE group did not change significantly (-0.4 ± 0.6 and -1.0 ± 0.7 kg after 1 and 2 y, respectively; P-interaction < 0.001). Total SM decreased in both groups during year 1 (-1.4 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.001) with appendicular SM regained during year 2. Liver and spleen masses decreased in the ILI group (-0.12 ± 0.02 and -0.006 ± 0.003 kg, respectively) but were unchanged in the DSE group (0.00 ± 0.02 and 0.004 ± 0.003 kg, respectively). Kidney mass decreased by 0.013 ± 0.003 kg (P < 0.001) over 2 y in both groups.Conclusions Decreases in liver (in Caucasians but not African Americans) and spleen were detected after a 6.2-kg weight reduction compared with a control group. SM and kidney mass decreased in both groups. Appendicular SM was regained during the second year whereas trunk SM was not. No evidence of a disproportionate loss of high-metabolic rate organs (heart, liver, kidney, spleen) compared with SM was found.
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In the Look AHEAD trial, total skeletal mass decreased in both intensive lifestyle groups and in the diabetes support and education group (−1.4 kg; P < 0.001).
“In the Look AHEAD trial, total skeletal mass decreased in both of the intensive lifestyle groups and in the diabetes support and education group (−1.4 kg; P < 0.001).”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [310]
The Abstract reports that total skeletal muscle decreased by 1.4 kg in both groups during year 1 (P < 0.001), and the SM section identifies those groups as ILI and DSE. The claim incorrectly describes two intensive lifestyle groups; the study reports one ILI group and one DSE group. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the Look AHEAD trial, patients in the intervention group regained appendicular lean mass during the second year, and weight loss was 5.2 kg less in the intervention group than in participants in the control group, whose weight did not markedly change after the second year.
“patients in the intervention group regained appendicular lean mass during the second year and that weight loss was 5.2 kg less in the intervention group than in participants in the control group, whose weight did not markedly change after the second year310”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [310]
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Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies
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- Authors
- Gallagher, D., Kelley, D. E., Thornton, J., Boxt, L., Pi-Sunyer, X., Lipkin, E., Nyenwe, E., Janumala, I., & Heshka, S.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Tennessee at Martin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gallagher, Dympna
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-84
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5183727
- OpenAlex
- W2550324102
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30dk046204-15)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL070298)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK057178, U01DK057002, P30DK026687, P30-DK046204)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- weight loss, type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscle mass, organ mass, liver mass, splenic mass, renal mass, cardiac mass, pancreas, intensive lifestyle intervention, diabetes support and education, Look AHEAD trial, obesity, overweight
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Reducing, Female, Heart, Humans, Kidney, Life Style, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardium, Obesity, Organ Size, Pancreas, Spleen, Weight Loss, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Overweight
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