The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass

Janssen, Tom Anthonius Hubertus; Van Every, Derrick W.; Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000980

Cited by 33Diet and metabolism studiesMuscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in Aging

The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass

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Janssen, Tom Anthonius Hubertus, Van Every, Derrick W., Phillips, Stuart M.·2023·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care

DOI 10.1097/mco.0000000000000980PMC PMC10552824

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Very low-calorie diets (VLCD) are used as a weight loss intervention, but concerns have been raised about their potential negative impact on lean mass. Here, we review the available evidence regarding the effects of VLCD on lean mass and explore their utility and strategies to mitigate reductions in skeletal muscle. Recent findings: We observed that VLCD, despite their effects on lean mass, may be suitable in certain populations but have a risk in reducing lean mass. The extent of the reduction in lean mass may depend on various factors, such as the duration and degree of energy deficit of the diet, as well as the individual's starting weight and overall health. Summary: VLCD may be a viable option in certain populations; however, priority needs to be given to resistance exercise training, and secondarily to adequate protein intake should be part of this dietary regime to mitigate losing muscle mass.

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Authors: Janssen, T. A. H., Van Every, D. W., & Phillips, S. M.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author: Phillips, Stuart M.
ORCID: Janssen, Tom Anthonius Hubertus
Phillips, Stuart M.
Venue: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2023-09-07
Volume: 26
Issue: 6
Pages: 521-527
ISSN: 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
1473-6519
DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000980
PMC: PMC10552824
OpenAlex: W4386861439
Cited by: 33
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 1
FWCI: 1.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (unspecified)
Locations: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords: very low calorie diet, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, muscle mass loss, resistance training, protein intake, negative energy balance, weight loss, sarcopenia
MeSH terms: Diet, Reducing, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction

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The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass

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