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A saturated fatty acid–rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue of subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Background Changes in dietary fat composition could lower the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an interesting tissue in this respect because of its role in lipid metabolism and inflammation.Objective Our objective was to investigate the effect of a saturated fatty acid (SFA)- and a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and gene expression profiles of adipose tissue in subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome.Design A parallel controlled-feeding trial was conducted in 20 abdominally overweight subjects. Subjects received an SFA diet or a MUFA diet for 8 wk. Plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained, and insulin sensitivity was measured by using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue samples underwent whole-genome microarray and histologic analysis. Plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid composition and concentrations of serum cholesterol and plasma cytokine were determined.Results Consumption of the SFA diet resulted in increased expression of genes involved in inflammation processes in adipose tissue, without changes in morphology or insulin sensitivity. The MUFA diet led to a more antiinflammatory gene expression profile, which was accompanied by a decrease in serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations and an increase in plasma and adipose tissue oleic acid content.Conclusions Consumption of an SFA diet resulted in a proinflammatory "obesity-linked" gene expression profile, whereas consumption of a MUFA diet caused a more antiinflammatory profile. This suggests that replacement of dietary SFA with MUFA could prevent adipose tissue inflammation and may reduce the risk of inflammation-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00405197.
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“especially considering that the impact of fatty acids on metabolic health is dictated by their chemical characteristics with unsaturated fatty acids, medium- and short-chain fatty acids being proven as beneficial to metabolic health, compared to long-chain saturated fatty acids (Roche, 2005; Holland et al., 2007; van Dijk et al., 2009;”
From Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet (2019) · cites this paper as van Dijk et al., 2009
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Ramadan, M., Jobe, A., & Vijayan, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1916937
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI "FEDERICO II" FACOLTÀ DI MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
Ricerca, D. D. (2008)
Metadata
- Authors
- van Dijk, S. J., Feskens, E. J., Bos, M. B., Hoelen, D. W., Heijligenberg, R., Bromhaar, M. G., de Groot, L. C., de Vries, J. H., Müller, M., & Afman, L. A.
- Affiliations
- TiFN (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Afman, Lydia A
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1656-1664
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113492975
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 15.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (20060052)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fat composition, adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, gene expression profiles, oleic acid, LDL cholesterol, overweight, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Complement C3, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Chemokine CCL5, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Metabolic Syndrome, PPAR gamma, Adiponectin
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