The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Innate Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract: Antiviral Response of Uterine Epithelial Cells to the TLR3 Agonist Poly(I:C)
Open accessAbstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression of TLR by human primary uterine epithelial cells (UEC) and to determine whether exposure to the TLR agonist poly(I:C) would induce an antiviral response. The secretion of several cytokines and chemokines was examined as well as the mRNA expression of human β-defensin-1 and -2 (HBD1 and HBD2), IFN-β, and the IFN-β-stimulated genes myxovirus resistance gene 1 and 2′,5′ oligoadenylate synthetase. The expression of TLR1–9 by UEC was demonstrated by RT-PCR, with only TLR10 not expressed. Stimulation of UEC with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) induced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, as well as the chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL4/MIP-1β. In addition, poly(I:C) exposure induced the mRNA expression of HBD1 and HBD2 by 6- and 4-fold, respectively. Furthermore, upon exposure to poly(I:C) UEC initiated a potent antiviral response resulting in the induction of IFN-β mRNA expression 70-fold and myxovirus resistance gene 1 and 2′,5′ oligoadenylate synthetase mRNA expression (107- and 96-fold), respectively. These results suggest that epithelial cells that line the uterine cavity are sensitive to viral infection and/or exposure to viral dsRNA released from killed epithelial cells. Not only do UEC release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that mediate the initiation of an inflammatory response and recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection, but they also express β-defensins, IFN-β, and IFN-β-stimulated genes that can have a direct inhibiting effect on viral replication.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129
Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity
Karin, M., & Ben-Neriah, Y. (2000) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621 · Cited by 4,766
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947
The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5
Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,601
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA
Diebold, S. S., Kaisho, T., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., & Reis e Sousa, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093616 · Cited by 3,444
Takeuchi, O., Hoshino, K., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Takada, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80119-3 · Cited by 3,362
Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
Ganz, T. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1180 · Cited by 3,066
Antiviral Actions of Interferons
Samuel, C. E. (2001) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.14.4.778-809.2001 · Cited by 2,743
Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88–dependent signaling pathway
Hemmi, H., Kaisho, T., Takeuchi, O., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Hoshino, K., Horiuchi, T., Tomizawa, H., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni758 · Cited by 2,522
Cited by
Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response
Selsted, M. E., & Ouellette, A. J. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1206 · Cited by 1,203
Defensins in innate antiviral immunity
Klotman, M. E., & Chang, T. L. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1860 · Cited by 471
The role of sex hormones in immune protection of the female reproductive tract
Wira, C. R., Rodriguez-Garcia, M., & Patel, M. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3819 · Cited by 444
Self-citationPathogenesis of Genital Tract Disease Due to Chlamydia trachomatis
Darville, T., & Hiltke, T. J. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/652397 · Cited by 334
A Review of the Fetal Brain Cytokine Imbalance Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Meyer, U., Feldon, J., & Yee, B. K. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn022 · Cited by 320
Metadata
- Authors
- Schaefer, T. M., Fahey, J. V., Wright, J. A., & Wira, C. R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 992-1002
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1628777611
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 117
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Innate Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract: Antiviral Response of Uterine Epithelial Cells to the TLR3 Agonist Poly(I:C). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.992
- The paper
- Schaefer, T. M., Fahey, J. V., Wright, J. A., & Wira, C. R. (2005). Innate Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract: Antiviral Response of Uterine Epithelial Cells to the TLR3 Agonist Poly(I:C). The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.992
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
