Association of generalized joint hypermobility with a history of glenohumeral joint instability

Cameron, Kenneth L.; Duffey, Michele L.; DeBerardino, Thomas M.; Stoneman, Paul D.; Jones, Christopher J.; Owens, Brett D.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.3.253

Cited by 157Shoulder Injury and TreatmentConnective tissue disorders researchLower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies

Association of generalized joint hypermobility with a history of glenohumeral joint instability

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Cameron, Kenneth L., Duffey, Michele L., DeBerardino, Thomas M., Stoneman, Paul D., Jones, Christopher J., Owens, Brett D.·2010·Journal of Athletic Training

DOI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.3.253PMC PMC2865963

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Abstract

Context: Little is known about the relationship among sex, generalized joint hypermobility, and glenohumeral joint instability. Objective: To examine the relationship among sex, generalized joint hypermobility scores, and a history of glenohumeral joint instability within a young, physically active cohort and to describe the incidence of generalized joint hypermobility within this population. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Patients or Other Participants: Of the 1311 members of the entering freshman class of 2010, 1050 (80%) agreed to participate. Main Outcome Measure(s): Generalized joint hypermobility was assessed using the Beighton Scale. A history of glenohumeral joint instability was identified via a baseline questionnaire. Results: Most participants (78%) had no signs of generalized joint hypermobility. Only 11 volunteers (1.5%) had Beighton Scale scores of 4 or greater. Logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship between generalized joint hypermobility and a history of glenohumeral joint instability ( P = .023). When sex and race were controlled, those with a total Beighton Scale score of ≥2 were nearly 2.5 times as likely (odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.19, 5.20, P = .016) to have reported a history of glenohumeral joint instability. A relationship was observed between sex and nearly all individual Beighton Scale items. Although women had higher total Beighton Scale scores than men, sex ( P = .658) and race ( P = .410) were not related to a history of glenohumeral joint instability when other variables in the model were controlled. Conclusions: In these participants, generalized joint hypermobility and a history of glenohumeral joint instability were associated.

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A study of freshman students at the United States Military Academy at West Point found a prevalence of 1.5% for GJH using a cut-off score of ≥4.
“A study involving students of the freshman class of the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY found a prevalence of 1.5% for GJH using a cut-off score of ≥4 (Cameron et al., 2010).”
From Prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic musculoskeletal pain among American university students (2019) · cites this paper as Cameron et al., 2010
Individuals with GJH may be at an increased risk for musculoskeletal injuries, for example, sports-related injuries to the ankle, knee and shoulder joints.
“But, they may also be at an increased risk for musculoskeletal injuries, for example, sports-related injuries to the ankle, knee and shoulder joints (Cameron et al., 2010; Scheper et al., 2013; Decoster et al., 1999; Smith et al., 2005; Beynnon, Murphy & Alosa, 2002; Borsa, Sauers & Herling, 2000; Wolf, Cameron & Owens, 2011; Konopinski, Jones & Johnson, 2012; Pacey et al., 2010).”
From Prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic musculoskeletal pain among American university students (2019) · cites this paper as Cameron et al., 2010
The higher prevalence of GJH in females does not apply to all joints used as part of the Beighton score.
“However, this does not apply to all joints used as part of the Beighton score (Cameron et al., 2010; Didia, Dapper & Boboye, 2002).”
From Prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic musculoskeletal pain among American university students (2019) · cites this paper as Cameron et al., 2010
GJH is more often pauciarticular than polyarticular, and not all joints used in the Beighton criterion are equally affected.
“Despite the condition being termed “GJH,” it is more often pauciarticular than polyarticular, and not all joints used as part of the Beighton criterion are equally affected (Russek & Errico, 2016; Al-Rawi, Al-Aszawi & Al-Chalabi, 1985; Cameron et al., 2010; Quresh, Maalik & Ahmad, 2010).”
From Prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic musculoskeletal pain among American university students (2019) · cites this paper as Cameron et al., 2010

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Increased Generalized Joint Hypermobility Is Related To History Of Glenohumeral Joint Instability.
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Prevalence of Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Predictive Factors for Ligamentous Laxity Among Young Adults in a Nigerian Community
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Authors: Cameron, K. L., Duffey, M. L., DeBerardino, T. M., Stoneman, P. D., Jones, C. J., & Owens, B. D.
Affiliations: Keller Army Community Hospital (US)
United States Military Academy (US)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Cameron, Kenneth L.
DeBerardino, Thomas M.
Owens, Brett D.
Venue: Journal of Athletic Training
Publisher: National Athletic Trainers' Association
Published: 2010-05
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 253-258
ISSN: 1062-6050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-45.3.253
PMC: PMC2865963
OpenAlex: W2099557120
Cited by: 157
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 7.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Athletic Training (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Collegiate Athletic Association
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Connective tissue disorders research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Keywords: generalized joint hypermobility, glenohumeral joint instability, shoulder instability, Beighton scale, sex differences, military cadets
MeSH terms: Shoulder Injuries, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Joint Instability, Male, Military Personnel, New York, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Shoulder Joint, Incidence, Confidence Intervals, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Young Adult

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Association of generalized joint hypermobility with a history of glenohumeral joint instability

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