Cited by 390Schizophrenia research and treatmentTryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Double-Blind, Randomized Study of Minocycline for the Treatment of Negative and Cognitive Symptoms in Early-Phase Schizophrenia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Current antipsychotics have only a limited effect on 2 core aspects of schizophrenia: negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline that has a beneficial effect in various neurologic disorders. Recent findings in animal models and human case reports suggest its potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. These findings may be linked to the effect of minocycline on the glutamatergic system, through inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and blocking of nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity. Other proposed mechanisms of action include effects of minocycline on the dopaminergic system and its inhibition of microglial activation. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of minocycline as an add-on treatment for alleviating negative and cognitive symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia. METHOD: A longitudinal double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used, and patients were followed for 6 months from August 2003 to March 2007. Seventy early-phase schizophrenia patients (according to DSM-IV) were recruited and 54 were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to minocycline 200 mg/d. All patients had been initiated on treatment with an atypical antipsychotic < or = 14 days prior to study entry (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or clozapine; 200-600 mg/d chlorpromazine-equivalent doses). Clinical, cognitive, and functional assessments were conducted, with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Minocycline was well tolerated, with few adverse events. It showed a beneficial effect on negative symptoms and general outcome (evident in SANS, Clinical Global Impressions scale). A similar pattern was found for cognitive functioning, mainly in executive functions (working memory, cognitive shifting, and cognitive planning). CONCLUSIONS: Minocycline treatment was associated with improvement in negative symptoms and executive functioning, both related to frontal-lobe activity. Overall, the findings support the beneficial effect of minocycline add-on therapy in early-phase schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00733057.

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Crossref · 10.4088/jcp.08m04666yel

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Metadata

Authors
Levkovitz, Y., Mendlovich, S., Riwkes, S., Braw, Y., Levkovitch-Verbin, H., Gal, G., Fennig, S., Treves, I., & Kron, S.
Affiliations
Shalvata Mental Health Center (IL)
Corresponding author
Levkovitz, Yechiel
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Published
2009-11-03
Volume
71
Issue
02
Pages
138-149
ISSN
0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2084588595
Cited by
387
References
112
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 27
FWCI
13.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
minocycline, early-phase schizophrenia, negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, executive function, adjunctive therapy, glutamatergic system, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, microglial activation, atypical antipsychotics, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Minocycline, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Treatment Outcome

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