Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related psychiatric and posttraumatic morbidities and coping responses in medical staff within a primary health care setting in Singapore

Sim, Kang; Chong, Phui Nah; Chan, Yiong Huak; Soon, Winnie Shok Wen

doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0815

Cited by 125COVID-19 and Mental HealthPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnout

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related psychiatric and posttraumatic morbidities and coping responses in medical staff within a primary health care setting in Singapore

Sim, Kang, Chong, Phui Nah, Chan, Yiong Huak, Soon, Winnie Shok Wen·2004·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

DOI 10.4088/jcp.v65n0815

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a major new infectious disease of this century that is unique in its high morbidity and concentration in health care settings. We aimed to determine the level of psychological impact and coping styles among the medical staff in a primary health care setting. METHOD: Using a structured questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of the doctors and nurses working within a public, primary health care setting in mid-July 2003. The main outcome measures were rates of psychiatric morbidity, level of posttraumatic stress symptoms, and coping strategies. RESULTS: The response rate was 92.0%. Of the 277 respondents (91 doctors and 186 nurses), psychiatric morbidity and posttraumatic morbidity were found in 20.6% and 9.4%, respectively. Both psychiatric and posttraumatic morbidities were associated with higher scores on coping efforts including self-distraction, behavioral disengagement, social support, venting, planning, and self-blame (all p <.001), but not with direct exposure factors such as contact with suspected SARS patients or working in fever rooms/tentages. Multivariate analysis showed that psychiatric morbidity was associated with post-traumatic morbidity (p =.02) and denial (p =.03), whereas posttraumatic morbidity was associated with younger age (p =.007), being married (p =.02), psychiatric morbidity (p =.02), self-distraction (p =.02), behavioral disengagement (p =.01), religion (p =.003), less venting (p =.04), less humor (p =.04), and less acceptance (p =.02). CONCLUSION: SARS-related psychiatric and posttraumatic morbidities were present in the medical staff within a primary health care setting. Specific coping efforts, age, and marital status, not direct exposure factors, were associated with psychological morbidity. These findings provide possible foci for early identification and psychological support.

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The association of psychiatric morbidity with younger age is consistent with the authors' study of health care workers and with Leung et al.'s finding that greater anxiety was associated with younger age in the community.
“Our finding of an association of psychiatric morbidity with younger age is consistent with the results of our study on health care workers [31] as well as the study by Leung et al. [41] who found that greater anxiety was associated with younger age within the community.”
From Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
The rate of psychiatric morbidity in this study was comparable to the 20.6% found in medical staff working in the same primary health care setting.
“However, the rate was comparable with that (20.6%) found in medical staff working within the same primary health care setting [31]”
From Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
The 25.8% rate of posttraumatic morbidity was considerably higher than the 9.4% found in medical staff from the same community health care setting.
“On the other hand, the rate of posttraumatic morbidity (25.8%) was considerably higher than that (9.4%) found in the medical staff from the same community health care setting [31]”
From Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
Younger age was a risk factor for PTSD among healthcare workers during viral outbreaks.
“PTSD (Tang et al., 2017; Sim et al., 2004)”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Sim et al., 2004

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Authors: Sim, K., Chong, P. N., Chan, Y. H., & Soon, W. S. W.
Affiliations: Institute of Mental Health (SG)
NHG Polyclinics (SG)
National University of Singapore (SG)
ORCID: Sim, Kang
Chan, Yiong Huak
Soon, Winnie Shok Wen
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher: Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published: 2004-08-15
Volume: 65
Issue: 8
Pages: 1120-1127
ISSN: 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v65n0815
OpenAlex: W1985952335
Cited by: 125
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 39 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Keywords: SARS, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychiatric morbidity, coping strategies, healthcare workers, doctors and nurses, primary care, denial, social support, psychological support
MeSH terms: Workforce, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denial, Psychological, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Health Status, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Medical Staff, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Marital Status, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related psychiatric and posttraumatic morbidities and coping responses in medical staff within a primary health care setting in Singapore

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