Antihypertensive medications adherence among Nigerian hypertensive subjects in a specialist clinic compared to a general outpatient clinic
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to antihypertensive medications has been linked with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in many population. Africans have been shown to have a worse prognosis from hypertension, poorer blood pressure control, and increased risk of complications arising from hypertension compared to Caucasians. AIM: The aim was to describe the level of adherence to antihypertensive medications, its determinants and whether any difference exist between those attending specialty clinic or general outpatient department (GOPD) Clinic in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study. The Morisky scale was used to assess for adherence to antihypertensive medications. Clinical and demographic data were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. (Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 114 hypertensive subjects were recruited for this study. Seventy-nine were from the cardiology clinic whereas 35 were from the GOPD. They consisted of 60 males (52.6%, 60/114) and 54 females (47.4%, 54/110). The mean age was 63.6 (14.1) years. High adherence, low adherence and medium adherence as defined by Morisky scale was found in 36.8% (42/114), 23.9% (27/114) and 39.5% (45/114), respectively. Adherence level was higher among those attending specialty clinic despite shorter duration of hypertension and use of more medications. More than four-fifth of those attending cardiology clinic had at least medium level of adherence compared to a little bit over half of those attending GOPD clinic. Those with good adherence were likely to be older, had a higher level of education and higher average monthly income than those with poor adherence. CONCLUSION: Poor adherence to medications is very common in the hypertensive Nigerians. Hypertensive subjects attending specialty clinic seems to have a better adherence to antihypertensive medications possibly due to the level of health education and information provided to patients. Effective health education and regular screening for compliance and adherence is a potential way to reduce cardiovascular risk associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The study's findings of inadequate medication possession ratios are congruent with some of the lower estimates of medication adherence previously measured in sub-Saharan Africa.
“our findings of inadequate medication possession ratios and thereby treatment adherence, with more than 80% of patients assessed not having medication for more than 40% of the time period studied, are congruent with some of the lower estimates of medication adherence previously measured in sub-Saharan Africa”
Patient adherence to hypertension treatment in other sub-Saharan African countries has been assessed through surveys, with adherence levels ranging from 17% in Kampala, Uganda to 61.8% in Ethiopia.
“These surveys have found levels of adherence ranging from 17% in a survey of 112 hypertensive patients in two city hospitals in Kampala, Uganda, to 61.8% of patients compliant with antihypertensive medications at Jimma University Specialised Hospital in Ethiopia.9,10”
From The outpatient management of hypertension at two Sierra Leonean health centres: A mixed-method investigation of follow-up compliance and patient-reported barriers to care (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an adherence rate from a Zimbabwean clinic, but does not report the claimed surveys in Kampala or Ethiopia. Searches for Kampala, Uganda, 17%, Jimma, Ethiopia, and 61.8% found no passage addressing those figures in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Retracted: Predictive Validity of a Medication Adherence Measure in an Outpatient Setting
Morisky, D. E., Ang, A., Krousel‐Wood, M., & Ward, H. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x · Cited by 2,877 · see citing works
RetractedChobanian, A., Bakris, G., Black, H., Cushman, W., Green, L., Izzo, J., Jones, D. W., Materson, B., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1097/00132578-200307000-00027 · Cited by 26,188 · see citing works
Sahn, D. J., DeMaria, A. N., KISSLO, J. A., & Weyman, A. E. (1978) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.58.6.1072 · Cited by 7,430 · see citing works
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of a Self-reported Measure of Medication Adherence
Morisky, D. E., Green, L. W., & Levine, D. M. (1986) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198601000-00007 · Cited by 5,304 · see citing works
Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research. A comprehensive review
Vermeire, E., Hearnshaw, H., Royen, P. V., & Denekens, J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00363.x · Cited by 1,833 · see citing works
Ho, P. M., Rumsfeld, J. S., Masoudi, F. A., McClure, D. L., Plomondon, M. E., Steiner, J. F., & Magid, D. J. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.17.1836 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes
Jackevicius, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.4.462 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Mazzaglia, G., Ambrosioni, E., Alacqua, M., Filippi, A., Sessa, E., Immordino, V., Borghi, C., Brignoli, O., Caputi, A. P., Cricelli, C., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.830299 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
New medication adherence scale versus pharmacy fill rates in seniors with hypertension.
Krousel-Wood, M. A., Islam, T., Webber, L. S., Ré, R. N., Morisky, D. E., & Muntner, P. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-Sectional Surveys in Four Rural and Urban Communities
Hendriks, M. E., Wit, F. W. N. M., Roos, M. T. L., Brewster, L. M., Akande, T. M., de Beer, I. H., Mfinanga, S., Kahwa, A. M., Gatongi, P. M., Rooy, G. V., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032638 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Ogah, O. S. (2012) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v4.i12.327 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Lee, G. K. Y., Wang, H., Liu, K. Q. L., Cheung, Y., Morisky, D. E., & Wong, M. C. S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062775 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Reasons for adherence with antihypertensive medication
Svensson, S. A., Kjellgren, K. I., Ahlner, J., & Säljö, R. (2000) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(00)00374-0 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Hyre, A. D., Krousel-Wood, M. A., Muntner, P., Kawasaki, L., & DeSalvo, K. B. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06372.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Facts and fiction of poor compliance as a cause of inadequate blood pressure control
Wetzels, G., Nelemans, P. J., Schouten, J., & Prins, M. H. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200410000-00002 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Long-term persistence with antihypertensive drugs in new patients
Esposti, E. D., Sturani, A., Martino, M. D., Falasca, P., Novi, M. V., Baio, G., Buda, S., & Volpe, M. (2002) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001418 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Kettani, F., Dragomir, A., Côté, R., Roy, L. F., Bérard, A., Blais, L., Lalonde, L., Moreau, P. R., & Perreault, S. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.522193 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Recent advances in hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa
Ogah, O. S., & Rayner, B. L. (2013) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303227 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Esposti, L. D. (2011) · ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research · doi:10.2147/ceor.s15619 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Commodore-Mensah, Y. Y., Samuel, L. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., & Agyemang, C. O. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000061 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Determinants of hypertension care and control among peri-urban Black South Africans: the HiHi study.
Himmelfarb, C. D., Peer, N., Steyn, K., Levitt, N. S., & Hill, M. N. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Drug non-adherence and associated risk factors among Chinese geriatric patients in Hong Kong.
Pw, L., Cm, L., & Leung, M. F. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome: Comparison of Occurrence Using Three Definitions in Hypertensive Patients
Akintunde, A. A., Ayodele, O. E., Akinwusi, P., & Opadijo, G. O. (2010) · Clinical Medicine & Research · doi:10.3121/cmr.2010.902 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationHypertension and the Treating Physician
Fine, L. J., & Cutler, J. A. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000200692.23410.c9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hypertension and current issues in compliance and patient outcomes
Zyczynski, T. M., & Coyne, K. S. (2000) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-996-0034-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Murthy, G. V. S., Fox, S. R., Sivasubramaniam, S., Gilbert, C. E., Abdull, M. M., Imam, A. U., & Entekume, G. (2013) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2013-058 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Akintunde, A. A., Ayodele, O. E., Opadijo, O. G., Oyedeji, A. T., & Familoni, O. B. (2012) · Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research · doi:10.4103/0975-3583.102705 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of systemic hypertension
MacGregor, G. A. (1987) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(87)90535-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Treatment of systemic hypertension.
Aronow, W. S. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Akintunde, A. A. (2010) · South African Medical Journal · doi:10.7196/samj.3180 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMukora-Mutseyekwa, F., & Chadambuka (2013) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s40295 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Differential control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in blacks with essential hypertension.
Ayodele, O. E., Alebiosu, C. O., & Salako, B. L. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abegaz, T. M., Shehab, A., Gebreyohannes, E. A., Bhagavathula, A. S., & Elnour, A. A. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000005641 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Lee, E. K. P., Poon, P. K.-M., Yip, B. H. K., Bo, Y., Zhu, M., Yu, C., Ngai, A. C. H., Wong, M. C. S., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.026582 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Uchmanowicz, B., Jankowska, E. A., Uchmanowicz, I., & Morisky, D. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00168 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Adidja, N. M., Agbor, V. N., Aminde, J. A., Ngwasiri, C. A., Ngu, K. B., & Aminde, L. N. (2018) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-018-0888-z · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Patient-level factors influencing hypertension control in adults in Accra, Ghana
Okai, D. E., Manu, A., Amoah, E. M., Laar, A. K., Akamah, J. A., & Torpey, K. (2020) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01370-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Adherence to Antihypertensive Treatment and Associated Factors in Central Ethiopia
tsadik, D. G., Berhane, Y., & Worku, A. (2020) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2020/9540810 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Fadare, J. O., Sunmonu, T., Bankole, I. A., Adekeye, K. A., & Abubakar, S. A. (2018) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt-2017-0044 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Oluwole, E., Osibogun, O. I., Adegoke, O., Adejimi, A. A., Adewole, A., & Osibogun, A. O. (2019) · Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/npmj.npmj_48_19 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kuria, N., Reid, A. J. S., Owiti, P., Tweya, H. M., Kibet, C. K., Mbau, L. K., Manzi, M., Murunga, V., Namusonge, T., & Kibachio, J. M. (2018) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13078 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Adherence to drug therapy among hypertensive patients attending two district hospitals in Ghana
Sarkodie, E., Afriyie, D. K., Hutton-Nyameaye, A., & Amponsah, S. K. (2020) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i3.42 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Aminde, L. N., Agbor, V. N., Fongwen, N. T., Ngwasiri, C. A., Nkoké, C., Nji, M., Dzudié, A., & Schutte, A. E. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.037555 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Adeoye, A. M., Adebiyi, A., Adebayo, O., & Owolabi, M. (2019) · Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/npmj.npmj_147_18 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Abbas, H., Kurdi, M., Watfa, M., & Karam, R. (2017) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s142453 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Stanikzai, M. H., Wafa, M. H., Tawfiq, E., Jafari, M., Le, C. N., Wasiq, A. W., Rahimi, B. A., Baray, A. H., Ageru, T. A., & Suwanbamrung, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295246 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pallangyo, P., Komba, M., Mkojera, Z., Kisenge, P. R., Bhalia, S. V., Mayala, H. A., Kifai, E., Richard, M. K., Khanbhai, K., Wibonela, S., et al. (2022) · Integrated Blood Pressure Control · doi:10.2147/ibpc.s374674 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Herskind, J., Zelasko, J., Bacher, K., & Holmes, D. (2020) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2222 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Odusola, A. O., Nelissen, H. E., Hendriks, M. E., Schultsz, C., Wit, F. W. N. M., Bolarinwa, O. A., Akande, T. M., Agyemang, C. O., Ogedegbe, G. G., Agbede, K., et al. (2015) · World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.4236/wjcd.2015.57021 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ajayi, D. T., Adedokun, B., Owoeye, D. O., & Akpa, O. M. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Paquissi, F. C., Cuvinje, A. B. P., Cuvinje, A. B., & Paquissi, A. M. (2016) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s39561 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Okoro, R. N., Ummate, I., Ohieku, J. D., Yakubu, S. I., Adibe, M. O., & Okonta, M. J. (2020) · Medicine Access Point of Care · doi:10.1177/2399202620954089 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa
Joubert, J., Lacroix, P., Preux, P., & Dumas, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_55_20 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Povia, J. P., Masenga, S. K., Hamooya, B. M., & Gebremeskel, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295401 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Debrah, O., Addo, F. O., Thomford, N. E., Zumesew, F., Debrah, A. A., Nsiah, P., Oduro-Boateng, I., Sadiq, N. U. A., Raji, A. S., -Atta, R. J. O., et al. (2026) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05410-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ekanem, U. S., Dan, E., Etukudo, G., Ndon, I., Etebom, E., & Nkobo, K. (2020) · Nigerian Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/nmj.nmj_95_19 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Akintunde, A., Karaye, K., Olusegun-Joseph, D. A., Balarabe, S., & Opadijo, O. (2019) · Nigerian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4103/njc.njc_18_18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAnosike, C., Adibe, M. O., & Igboeli, N. U. (2018) · International Research Journal of Pharmacy · doi:10.7897/2230-8407.0911251 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Facteurs de Non Observance au Traitement Anti Hypertenseur chez les Adultes à Douala
Essomba, N. E., Hamadou, B., Koum, D. C. K., Atemkeng, A., & Coppieters, Y. (2017) · HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE · doi:10.5281/hsd.v18i3.794 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Odiase, F. E., & Ogbemudia, J. E. (2019) · Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4103/ssajm.ssajm_18_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparing adherence in cardiac clinic versus general outpatient clinic: Few concerns and way forward
Selvaraj, K., Thekkur, P., & Chinnakali, P. (2015) · Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research · doi:10.4103/2141-9248.177981 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Afolaranmi, T., Hassan, Z. I., Mbak, J. L., Luka, D. W., Audu, T. N., Chirdan, O. O., & Zoakah, A. (2018) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182269 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ibrahim, A. O., Agbesanwa, T. A., Ajetunmobi, O. A., Kolawole, F. T., Fashola, A. M., & Olanrewaju, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Integrative Cardiology · doi:10.15761/jic.1000300 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring Cardiovascular Diseases Treatment in Africa
Ramathebane, M., Maja, L. J., & Sello, M. (2021) · BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95871 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yazie, T. S., Mengistu, W. E., Asmare, Z., Belete, A. M., Teshome, A. A., & Yimer, Y. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272717 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
RetractedPrevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension among out-patients in Ilorin, Nigeria
Ogunmodede, J. A., & Agede, O. A. (2023) · South Sudan Medical Journal · doi:10.4314/ssmj.v16i2.3
Mbabazi, O., Ogendi, J., & Uwambajimana, J. (2024) · Journal of Medicine Nursing & Public Health · doi:10.53819/81018102t2308
Fasanu, O. O., Ko, O., & Mustapha, A. (2023) · Annals of Health Research (The Journal of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria OOUTH Sagamu Nigeria) · doi:10.30442/ahr.0904-05-217
Baigozhina, A., Umbetzhanova, A., Derbissalina, G., & Bekbergenova, Z. (2023) · Journal of Health Development · doi:10.32921/2225-9929-2023-1-50-35-44
Computerized Tomographic Brain Findings in Hypertensives with Stroke in Abuja, Nigeria
Simon, E. D., Olatunji, O. O., Itanyi, U. D., & Aiyekomogbon, J. O. (2024) · Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics · doi:10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_1_24
Owolabi, D. I. (2024) · African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research · doi:10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010358
Awoonidanla, O. T., Olalemi, O. E., Adeolu, J. O., Ilori, T., & Obimakinde, A. M. (2024) · Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences. · doi:10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_49_24
Nwankwo, H. E., Omonfuegbe, O. M., Okolo, E. H., Anaesiuba, I., Egwu, C. C., Izuchukwu, E. K., Obi-Ekekwe, C., Dele, D., Ogunniyi, K. E., Igbokwe, M. A., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10216976/v1
- Authors
- Akintunde, A., & Akintunde, T.
- Affiliations
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital (NG)
- Osun State University (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Akintunde, AA
- Venue
- Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 173
- ISSN
- 2141-9248 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4455006
- OpenAlex
- W1547729125
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Keywords
- antihypertensive medication adherence, hypertension, Nigerian patients, Morisky scale, predictors of adherence, health education, cardiovascular risk, socioeconomic factors, blood pressure control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
