To Drink or Not to Drink: The Role of Automatic and Controlled Cognitive Processes in the Etiology of Alcohol-Related Problems
Open accessAbstract
Explicit measures revealed three basic types of alcohol-related cognitions: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement (relief), and negative expectancies. Using the same typology, we review studies assessing alcohol-related cognitions with implicit measures. Most research focused on automatic appetitive responses (positive reinforcement). The common model is that an automatic appetitive response tendency can be inhibited by more controlled inhibitory processes. In addition, there is scattered evidence indicating a role for automatic aversive responses to alcohol. Negative reinforcement appears to be more difficult to assess with tests involving single associations. It is argued that the reason is that for negative reinforcement two associations are needed (negative affect alcohol positive affect). Findings are integrated into a model from which suggestions for interventions are given.
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Self-citationChemical aversion conditioning in the treatment of alcoholism: Further comments
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Context-dependent access to alcohol-related concepts stored in memory
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Self-citation
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Self-citationThe Addiction-Stroop test: Theoretical considerations and procedural recommendations.
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Wiers, R. W., Gladwin, T. E., Hofmann, W., Salemink, E., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702612466547 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationEberl, C., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Pawelczack, S., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.11.002 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationImplicit cognition and substance use: a meta-analysis
Rooke, S. E., Hine, D. W., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.009 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Attentional re‐training decreases attentional bias in heavy drinkers without generalization
Schoenmakers, T. M., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Jones, B. T., Bruce, G., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01718.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationThush, C., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2006) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.09.011 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Processes in Alcohol Binges: A Review and Research Agenda
Field, M., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2008) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473710801030263 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationSherman, S. J., Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Seo, D., & Macy, J. T. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.012 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Garland, E. L., Boettiger, C. A., Gaylord, S., Chanon, V. W., & Howard, M. O. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9378-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kuntsche, E. N., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Janssen, T., & Gmel, G. E. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0019724 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationCartwright, F., & Stritzke, W. G. K. (2007) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.01.006 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control
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“Emotions are moderated or controlled to the extent that one emotionally cares about the affective consequences of their being uncontrolled.”
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Implicit and explicit attitudes to high- and low-calorie food in females with different BMI status
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Self-citationMood and Implicit Alcohol Expectancy Processes: Predicting Alcohol Consumption in the Laboratory
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Chocolate craving among children: Implications for disordered eating patterns
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A Test of the Salience Asymmetry Interpretation of the Alcohol-IAT
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Self-citationUnderstanding dieting: A social cognitive analysis of hedonic processes in self-regulation
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The Yin and Yang of Indulgence and Restraint: the ambivalence model of craving
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Tell me... why do you drink? : a study of drinking motives in adolescence
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Spontaneous cognition and HIV risk behavior.
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IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ALCOHOL, SMOKING AND DRUG-RELATED COGNITIONS AND EMOTIONS
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Impliciete cognitie en verslaving
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Appetitive Motivation and Regulatory Processes in Adolescent Ketamine Users
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Alcohol Cognitions and College Student Drinking: The Moderating Effect of Executive Abilities
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- Authors
- Wiers, R. W., Houben, K., Smulders, F. T. Y., Conrod, P. J., & Jones, B. T.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Venue
- Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 339-362
- OpenAlex
- W2122141830
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 30.69
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alcohol-related cognitions, automatic cognitive processes, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, negative expectations, implicit measures, aversive responses, inhibitory control, alcoholism, alcohol interventions
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