CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 25Schizophrenia research and treatmentBone health and osteoporosis researchHormonal and reproductive studies

BONE MINERAL DENSITY, SEX HORMONES, AND LONG-TERM USE OF NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS IN MEN

Keely, MD, Erin J., Reiss, MD, Jeffrey P., Drinkwater, PhD, Donald T., Faiman, MD, FACE, Charles·1997·Endocrine Practice
DOI 10.4158/ep.3.4.209
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective To study the prevalence and severity of bone mineral loss and its relationship to sex hormone levels in men on long-term neuroleptic therapy.Methods Sixteen men with schizophrenia who were from 19 to 62 years old and had taken neuroleptic medication for 1 to 30 years had bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results were compared with those from 16 age-matched control subjects. Serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone index (FTI), prolactin, and pituitary gonadotropins were assayed and compared with age-matched Red Cross blood donor controls (N = 23 to 90 for the various assays).Results At the lumbar spine and at two of the three sites in the proximal femur (trochanter and Ward's triangle but not femoral neck), the BMD was lower in patients than in controls. A statistically significant increase in prolactin and sex hormone-binding globulin and a significantly decreased luteinizing hormone and FTI were found in the treated versus the control group. In the patient group, a significant inverse relationship existed between age and BMD at all sites. Lumbar spine density was related directly to FTI (r = 0.607; P=0.05) and inversely to duration of treatment (r = -0.767; P<0.001), although both correlations were accounted for mainly by age associations in multiple stepwise linear regression. Prolactin values did not correlate with either BMD or FTI.Conclusion BMD was significantly lower with long-term neuroleptic use. In the lumbar spine, these changes may be related to the associated findings of decreased free testosterone and hyperprolactinemia, although the significance of other factors such as an independent drug effect, the psychiatric disease itself, and lifestyle cannot be excluded.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4158/ep.3.4.209

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Some studies found a relationship between the use of prolactin-raising medication and low bone mineral density in patients with chronic schizophrenia, while others failed to find a relationship between prolactin, antipsychotics and osteoporosis.

    “Some studies (490-493) found a relationship between the use of prolactin-raising medication and low BMD in patients with chronic schizophrenia, while others (474,489,494-498) failed to find a relationship between prolactin, AP and osteoporosis.”

    From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [497]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Keely, M., Reiss, M., Drinkwater, P., & Faiman, M.
Venue
Endocrine Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1997-07
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
209-213
ISSN
  • 1530-891X (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-2403
DOI
10.4158/ep.3.4.209
OpenAlex
W2008658045
Cited by
25
References
18
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Endocrine Practice (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Manitoba
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
bone mineral density, neuroleptic agents, long-term antipsychotic treatment, men, schizophrenia, bone mineral loss, sex hormones, testosterone, free testosterone index, sex hormone-binding globulin, prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, luteinizing hormone, lumbar spine, proximal femur, age-related bone loss

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review