The DOI matches its Crossref record; 192 of the 193 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RNA mediated toll-like receptor stimulation in health and disease
Open accessAbstract
Besides their well known functions in storage and translation of information nucleic acids have emerged as a target of pattern recognition receptors that drive activation of innate immunity. Due to the paucity of building block monomers used in nucleic acids, discrimination of host and microbial nucleic acids as a means of self/foreign discrimination is a complicated task. Pattern recognition receptors rely on discrimination by sequence, structural features and spatial compartmentalization to differentiate microbial derived nucleic acids from host ones. Microbial nucleic acid detection is important for the sensing of infectious danger and initiating an immune response to microbial attack. Failures in the underlying recognitions systems can have severe consequences: thus, inefficient recognition of microbial nucleic acids may increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. On the other hand, excessive immune responses as a result of failed self/foreign discrimination are associated with autoimmune diseases. This review gives a general overview over the underlying concepts of nucleic acid sensing by Toll-like receptors. Within this general framework, we focus on bacterial RNA and synthetic RNA oligomers.
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“Unmodified mRNA itself provides adjuvant activity through binding and activation of the innate immune sensors, mainly TLRs 3, 7, and 8 (39).”
From mRNA vaccine with unmodified uridine induces robust type I interferon-dependent anti-tumor immunity in a melanoma model (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dalpke, A. H., & Helm, M.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Helm, Mark
- Venue
- RNA Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 828-842
- ISSN
- 1547-6286 (ISSN-L)
- 1555-8584
- PMC
- PMC3495747
- OpenAlex
- W1994331999
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 193
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- RNA Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, RNA sensing, pattern recognition receptors, innate immunity, bacterial RNA, nucleic acid recognition, autoimmune disease, infection susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Base Sequence, DNA, Bacterial, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Protein Binding, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Small Interfering, Toll-Like Receptors
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