Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms in enterococcus
Open accessAbstract
Enterococci have the potential for resistance to virtually all clinically useful antibiotics. Their emergence as important nosocomial pathogens has coincided with increased expression of antimicrobial resistance by members of the genus. The mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in enterococci may be intrinsic to the species or acquired through mutation of intrinsic genes or horizontal exchange of genetic material encoding resistance determinants. This paper reviews the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis and discusses treatment options.
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AAC(6′)APH(2′′) is a bifunctional enzyme that confers high-level resistance to all aminoglycosides except streptomycin and accounts for most high-level gentamicin resistance detected in enterococci and methicillin-resistant S. aureus worldwide.
“Furthermore, the presence of this bifunctional enzyme accounts for most of high-level gentamicin resistance detected in enterococci (including in vancomycin-resistant strains) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus worldwide (13).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Hollenbeck, B. L., & Rice, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rice, Louis B.
- Venue
- Virulence
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-08-15
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 421-569
- ISSN
- 2150-5594 (ISSN-L)
- 2150-5608
- PMC
- PMC3485979
- OpenAlex
- W2084266616
- Semantic Scholar
- b2c50fe60fe2e1bec43d7eace3a0b0d59c75b2e7
- Cited by
- 795
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Virulence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- Enterococcus, antibiotic resistance, intrinsic resistance, acquired resistance, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, nosocomial pathogens, horizontal gene transfer, resistance determinants, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cross Infection, Humans, Enterococcus faecalis, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Enterococcus faecium, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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