Cited by 315Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDiabetes Management and Research

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

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Barbagallo, Mario·2014·World Journal of Diabetes

DOI 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.889PMC PMC4265876

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Abstract

Epidemiological and biological evidences support a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing all types of dementia. Cognitive deficits in persons with diabetes mainly affect the areas of psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning and memory, mental flexibility and speed, and executive function. The strong epidemiological association has suggested the existence of a physiopathological link. The determinants of the accelerated cognitive decline in DM2, however, are less clear. Increased cortical and subcortical atrophy have been evidenced after controlling for diabetic vascular disease and inadequate cerebral circulation. Most recent studies have focused on the role of insulin and insulin resistance as possible links between diabetes and AD. Disturbances in brain insulin signaling mechanisms may contribute to the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological lesions in AD. Hyperglycemia itself is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Hypoglycemia may also have deleterious effects on cognitive function. Recurrent symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes have been suggested to cause sub-clinical brain damage, and permanent cognitive impairment. Future trials are required to clarify the mechanistic link, to address the question whether cognitive decline may be prevented by an adequate metabolic control, and to elucidate the role of drugs that may cause hypoglycemic episodes.

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Authors: Barbagallo, M.
Affiliations: University of Palermo (IT)
Corresponding author: Barbagallo, Mario
ORCID: Barbagallo, Mario
Venue: World Journal of Diabetes
Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Published: 2014
Volume: 5
Issue: 6
Pages: 889
ISSN: 1948-9358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.889
PMC: PMC4265876
OpenAlex: W1980458121
Cited by: 313
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 3.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: World Journal of Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, dementia risk, insulin resistance, brain insulin signaling, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, brain atrophy, metabolic control, cognitive impairment prevention

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