Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Nelson, Amy R.; Sweeney, Melanie D.; Sagare, Abhay P.; Zlokovic, Berislav V.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.016

Cited by 559Barrier Structure and Function StudiesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease

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Nelson, Amy R., Sweeney, Melanie D., Sagare, Abhay P., Zlokovic, Berislav V.·2016·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease

DOI 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.016PMC PMC4821735

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Abstract

Vascular insults can initiate a cascade of molecular events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms in cerebral blood vessels and the pathophysiological events leading to cerebral blood flow dysregulation and disruption of the neurovascular unit and the blood-brain barrier, which all may contribute to the onset and progression of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, we examine the link between neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration including the effects of AD genetic risk factors on cerebrovascular functions and clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide toxin, and the impact of vascular risk factors, environment, and lifestyle on cerebral blood vessels, which in turn may affect synaptic, neuronal, and cognitive functions. Finally, we examine potential experimental treatments for dementia and AD based on the neurovascular model, and discuss some critical questions to be addressed by future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.

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AD risk factors such as aging, hypertension, diabetes, and apolipoprotein E4 genotype lead to cerebrovascular damage, inducing blood-brain barrier damage and brain perfusion reduction.
“Hit one, the AD risk factors such as aging, hypertension, diabetes, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype lead to cerebrovascular damage, inducing blood‐brain barrier (BBB) damage and brain perfusion reduction.[ 4 , 6 ]”
From Multifunctional Nanostructure RAP‐RL Rescues Alzheimer's Cognitive Deficits through Remodeling the Neurovascular Unit (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
Sections 2.2 and 3.2 link APOE4 and aging to BBB breakdown; section 4.1 reports that hypertension reduces cerebral blood flow and, in animal models, impairs the BBB. Section 4.2 reports vascular alterations and increased BBB permeability in type 2 diabetes. The paper also describes reduced cerebral blood flow in people at risk of AD (section 3.1), but does not establish that each listed risk factor causes both BBB damage and reduced brain perfusion as the sentence implies. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Increasing evidence supports that early cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to AD pathophysiology and cognitive impairment.
“In addition to the classic hallmark pathology, A 𝛃 plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron loss, increasing evidence supports that early cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to AD pathophysiology and cognitive impairment (29, 285, 418, 421, 429, 569, 571, 593, 682, 693).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [429]
Growing evidence indicates that BBB damage and early cerebrovascular disease increase risk of dementia and age-related disorders such as AD.
“Growing evidence indicates that BBB damage and early cerebrovascular disease increase risk of dementia and age-related disorders such as AD [625–627].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [627]

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Transport of Leucine‐Enkephalin Across the Blood‐Brain Barrier in the Perfused Guinea Pig Brain
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Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity in young adults carrying the APOE ε4 allele
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Blood-brain barrier permeability to leucine-enkephalin,d-Alanine2-d-leucine5-enkephalin and their N-terminal amino acid (tyrosine)
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Homocysteine, atherosclerosis and prevalent cardiovascular disease in the elderly: The Rotterdam Study
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Direct Visualization of Fungal Infection in Brains from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
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Amyloid Deposition and Influx Transporter Expression at the Blood-Brain Barrier Increase in Normal Aging
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Reduction in DHA transport to the brain of mice expressing human APOE 4 compared to APOE 2
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Resveratrol blocks diabetes‐induced early vascular lesions and vascular endothelial growth factor induction in mouse retinas
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Distribution of Glut1 Glucose Transporters in Different Brain Structures Compared to Glucose Utilization and Capillary Density of Adult Rat Brains
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Activation of protein tyrosine kinases and matrix metalloproteinases causes blood‐brain barrier injury: Novel mechanism for neurodegeneration associated with alcohol abuse
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Activated protein C promotes neovascularization and neurogenesis in postischemic brain via protease–activated receptor 1
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Chronic Hypertension Leads to Neurodegeneration in the TgSwDI Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Dyslipidemia and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Alzheimer's Disease
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Blood-brain barrier is impaired in the hippocampus of young adult spontaneously hypertensive rats
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Oral Inflammation, Tooth Loss, Risk Factors, and Association with Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
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Immunolabelling of hippocampal microvessel glucose transporter protein is reduced in Alzheimer's disease
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Ancrod in Acute Ischemic Stroke
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Decreases in Short Term Memory, IQ, and Altered Brain Metabolic Ratios in Urban Apolipoprotein ε4 Children Exposed to Air Pollution
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Age-Related Vascular Pathology in Transgenic Mice Expressing Presenilin 1-Associated Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations
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Can sleep apnea cause Alzheimer's disease?
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Reduction of Amyloid Angiopathy and Aβ Plaque Burden after Enriched Housing in TgCRND8 Mice
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Curcumin Alleviates Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and -9 Activities during Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Cultured Cells and Mice
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Carotid Atherosclerosis Predicts Lower Cognitive Test Results: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study of 4,371 Stroke-Free Subjects – The Tromsø Study
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Prevalence of cortical superficial siderosis in a memory clinic population
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Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing
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Cholesterol metabolism is associated with soluble amyloid precursor protein production in Alzheimer's disease
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Resveratrol Attenuates the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by Regulation of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 Balance after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
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Environmental Enrichment Counteracts Alzheimer’s Neurovascular Dysfunction in TgCRND8 Mice
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Control of Vascular Cell Differentiation by Homeobox Transcription Factors
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Effects of candesartan cilexetil and enalapril on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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Minocycline ameliorates hypoxia-induced blood–brain barrier damage by inhibition of HIF-1α through SIRT-3/PHD-2 degradation pathway
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Increased Total Homocysteine Levels Predict the Risk of Incident Dementia Independent of Cerebral Small-Vessel Diseases and Vascular Risk Factors
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Rapid doubling of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β40 and 42 levels in brains of mice exposed to a nickel nanoparticle model of air pollution
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Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of 3K3A-APC in Healthy Adult Volunteers
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An Activated Protein C Analog Stimulates Neuronal Production by Human Neural Progenitor Cells via a PAR1-PAR3-S1PR 1 -Akt Pathway
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The Cyclophilin Inhibitor SCY-635 Disrupts Hepatitis C Virus NS5A-Cyclophilin A Complexes
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A genome-wide study reveals rare CNVs exclusive to extreme phenotypes of Alzheimer disease
Investigators of the GMAJ project, Rovelet‐Lecrux, A., Legallic, S., Wallon, D., Flaman, J., Martinaud, O., Bombois, S., Rollin‐Sillaire, A., Michon, A., Ber, I. L., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.225 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

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Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
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Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
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The role of brain vasculature in neurodegenerative disorders
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Alzheimer’s disease: A matter of blood–brain barrier dysfunction?
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Emerging concepts in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy
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The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.
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Age-associated Physiological and Pathological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Review
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Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
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Astrocytic LRP1 Mediates Brain Aβ Clearance and Impacts Amyloid Deposition
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Blood–brain barrier leakage is increased in parkinson’s disease
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The Controversial Role of Homocysteine in Neurology: From Labs to Clinical Practice
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Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies
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Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies senescent cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells in the aged mouse brain
Kiss, T., Nyúl-Tóth, Á., Balasubramanian, P., Tarantini, S., Ahire, C., DelFavero, J., Yabluchanskiy, A., Csipo, T., Farkas, E., Wiley, G., et al. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00177-1 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Interplay between Brain Pericytes and Endothelial Cells in Dementia
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Hypertension impairs neurovascular coupling and promotes microvascular injury: role in exacerbation of Alzheimer’s disease
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The relationship between amyloid-beta and brain capillary endothelial cells in Alzheimer’s disease
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Basal lamina changes in neurodegenerative disorders
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Eicosanoid lipidome activation in post-mortem brain tissues of individuals with APOE4 and Alzheimer’s dementia
Ebright, B., Assante, I., Poblete, R. A., Wang, S., Duro, M. V., Bennett, D. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Louie, S. G., & Yassine, H. N. (2022) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01084-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Association of small vessel disease with tau pathology
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Calcium-Sensing Receptors of Human Neural Cells Play Crucial Roles in Alzheimer's Disease
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Deep phenotyping of Alzheimer’s disease leveraging electronic medical records identifies sex-specific clinical associations
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When the infectious environment meets the AD brain
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Authors: Nelson, A. R., Sweeney, M. D., Sagare, A. P., & Zlokovic, B. V.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
ORCID: Nelson, Amy R.
Sweeney, Melanie D.
Sagare, Abhay P.
Venue: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-05
Volume: 1862
Issue: 5
Pages: 887-900
ISSN: 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.016
PMC: PMC4821735
OpenAlex: W2198664180
Cited by: 559
References: 249
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 20
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 365 d)
Locations: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (R01AG023084, R01NS090904, R01NS034467, R01AG039452)
Cure for Alzheimer's Fund (006002-00001)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: neurovascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, amyloid-beta clearance, genetic risk factors, vascular risk factors, synaptic function, cognitive impairment, experimental treatment
MeSH terms: Neurovascular Coupling, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dementia, Humans, Risk Factors

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Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease

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