Delayed effectiveness of home-based interventions in reducing childhood diarrhea, Karachi, Pakistan
Abstract
We introduced home drinking water disinfection and handwashing with soap in Karachi squatter settlements to evaluate their effect on diarrhea. In April 2000, 150 households received soap, 76 received dilute bleach and a water storage vessel, and 76 were enrolled as controls. In 2000, among households wealthy enough to own a refrigerator, children in households that received bleach and a vessel had a 73% lower incidence of diarrhea than controls; those that received soap had a 56% lower incidence. There was no reduction in diarrhea in intervention households without a refrigerator. In 2001, households that received bleach and a vessel had a 71% lower incidence of diarrhea and children in households that received soap had a 35% lower incidence than controls. In 2001, the interventions were equally effective in households that had a refrigerator and those that did not. Both of these home-based interventions were ultimately effective in preventing diarrhea, but only households of slightly higher socioeconomic status changed their behavior quickly enough to benefit during the first summer.
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- Authors
- LUBY, S. P., AGBOATWALLA, M., HOEKSTRA, R. M., RAHBAR, M. H., BILLHIMER, W., & KESWICK, B. H.
- Affiliations
- Aga Khan University (PK)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 420-427
- ISSN
- 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168749469
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
- Keywords
- childhood diarrhea, handwashing with soap, water storage vessels, household interventions, informal settlements, socioeconomic status, household behavior change, Karachi
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control, Diarrhea, Disinfection, Family Characteristics, Female, Hand Disinfection, Housing, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pakistan, Soaps, Water Supply, Incidence
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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