Cited by 1,036Discourse Analysis in Language StudiesLanguage, Discourse, Communication StrategiesLinguistics and Education Research

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An Introduction to Discourse Analysis

Gee, James Paul·2014·Routledge eBooks

DOI 10.4324/9781315819679

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Abstract

Discourse analysis considers how language, both spoken and written, enacts social and cultural perspectives and identities. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis examines the field and presents James Paul Gee’s unique integrated approach which incorporates both a theory of language-in-use and a method of research. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis can be used as a stand-alone textbook or ideally used in conjunction with the practical companion title How to do Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit. Together they provide the complete resource for students studying discourse analysis. Updated throughout, the fourth edition of this seminal textbook also includes two new chapters: ‘What is Discourse?’ to further understanding of the topic, as well as a new concluding section. A new companion website www.routledge.com/cw/gee features a frequently asked questions section, additional tasks to support understanding, a glossary and free access to journal articles by James Paul Gee. Clearly structured and written in a highly accessible style, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis includes perspectives from a variety of approaches and disciplines, including applied linguistics, education, psychology, anthropology and communication to help students and scholars from a range of backgrounds to formulate their own views on discourse and engage in their own discourse analysis. This is an essential textbook for all advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of discourse analysis.

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BackgroundMethod
How Can We Study Children’s/Youth’s Out of School Experiences to Inform Classroom Practices?
McCarthey, S. J., Duke, N. K., Bloome, D., et al. (2020) · Literacy Research Theory Method and Practice · doi:10.1177/2381336920937261 · Cited by 7
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Background
‘I'll be the hero’: how adolescents negotiate intersectional identities within a high school dual-language program
Salerno, A. S., Kibler, A. K., & Hardigree, C. N. (2020) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2020.1784086 · Cited by 7
“…is potential to disrupt traditional unitary and hegemonic student positionings, but it is not clear that these settings always support alternative positionings; this matters for students because an identity’s emergence in an interaction depends on others’ acceptance of it as legitimate (Gee 2014).”
Background
An introduction to narrative research methods in health and social care
Bingley, A. F. (2020) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781785363214.00013 · Cited by 7
Gender and Doctoral Physics Education: Are We Asking the Right Questions?
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Natural Resource Management Students’ Perceptions of Conceptual Change in a Capstone Course
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Identity at Risk: Students’ Identity Configuration in the Aftermath of Trauma
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Critical literacies on the university campus
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How Teachers’ Professional Identities Position High-Stakes Test Preparation in Their Classrooms
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Stancetaking and the joint construction of zine producer identities in a research interview
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Reflexivity in research: addressing power dynamics in researching Syrian refugees in the UK
Solie, T. (2024) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2024.2392264 · Cited by 6
“DA entails the examination of how social reality is constructed and represented through linguistic choices in various forms of texts (Gee, 2014; Gorup, 2020), meaning that it relies heavily on interpretations made by the analysts.”
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A discourse analysis of teachers' messages in official and unofficial WhatsApp groups
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“Gee (2014) emphasizes that people communicate differently with strangers and friends to indicate their social distance or to accomplish their desired identities.”
Background
How supervisors provide and students react to EAL thesis supervision: Voices from Sweden and Indonesia
Nangimah, M., & Walldén, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1118436 · Cited by 7
“Gee (2014) describes such discrepancies between students and supervisors in terms of contrasting figured worlds or discourse models.”
BackgroundInfluential
The Yu Aw Synagogue: A Contested Heritage Site in Afghanistan
Noori, A. M., & Mahmood, H. (2024) · RaumFragen: Stadt - Region - Landschaft · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43352-9_15 · Cited by 6
Dissecting Crisis Communication: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Leadership Strategies in Australia and New Zealand During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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“Discourse analysis examines not only the content of communication but also the linguistic and paralinguistic features that shape how messages are conveyed and interpreted within specific contexts (Gee, 2014).”
Does the Chinese government engage in online public debates? A case study of political communications around the building of an oil refinery in Kunming, China
Wang, Q. (2018) · Global Media and China · doi:10.1177/2059436418804274 · Cited by 6
Discourse and Racialization
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Recursive readings and reckonings: kindergarteners’ multimodal transactions with a nonfiction picturebook
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“This qualitative study employed an inductive approach to analyse the data for coming up with final formulation of themes (Creswell, 2007; Gee, 2014).”
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“These typologies do not derive from “ language-in-use (language actually used in speci ﬁ c contexts) ” (Gee, 2014), however, limiting their ability to capture diverse discursive politics.”
Sociocultural Competence for Racial Justice in Dual Language Programs: Dismantling (Mis)Conceptions of Race
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“CDA allows for the interpretation of data through an analysis of how systems of power, including the stratification of race, are reproduced within discourse (Gee, 2014; Wood & Kroger, 2000).”
Distinctions Between Everyday and Representational Communication
Mitchell, D. B. (1994) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1994.tb00086.x · Cited by 6
Framing Teacher Education: An Analysis of the Comprehensive Educator Equity Plans of 16 State Education Agencies
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Figured worlds in Australian higher education: figuring out the national system’s unspoken purpose
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“…their interaction with each other, the historical context preceding them, their surrounding narratives, and the ‘ nature of their production, dissemination, and consumption ’ that we can understand the meanings contained within them (Gee, 2014; Goddard & Carey, 2017; Philips & Hardy, 2002, p. 4).”
BackgroundMethod
Exploring disconnected discourses about Patient and Public Involvement and Volunteer Involvement in English health and social care
Grotz, J., Birt, L., Edwards, H., et al. (2020) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13162 · Cited by 6
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Perception of Health and Well-being Among the Chinese Immigrant Population in Seville (Spain): Does Territorial Concentration Matter?
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Cool kids' carnival: Double-voiced discourse in student conversations about literature
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Textbook Orientalism
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Method
Applying Epistemic Network Analysis to Open Source Software Projects
Kritikos, A., Papadopoulou, K., & Stamelos, I. G. (2024) · International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218194025500093 · Cited by 5
The language of “diversity” or “ DEI ”? Exploring job titles of diversity professionals in US institutions of higher education
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Maximizing the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impact of the Metaverse
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Discourse and Queer Sinophone Male Identities
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“Our focus is on the linguistic strand (Gee, 2014), which emphasises the textual and conversational aspects of meaning-making.”
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“…reference (Gee 2014b), demonstrating sufficient familiarity with aspects of the German cultural context to make a metalevel evaluation and appreciate how the word ‘Kreuzteufel’ indexes a social language (Gee 2014b), and thus a particular social position (Blackledge, Creese, and Kaur Takhi 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Conflict and Conflicting News Discourses: An Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Pulwama Attack
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“Gee (2014) illustrates how media produces and reproduces popular identities and exhibits their affairs through language and syntax.”
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“In this perspective, discourse can be defined as how language represents reality (Fairclough, 2011; Gee, 2014; Willey-Sthapit et al., 2022).”
Influential
Choosing is losing: language policy and language choice acts at the asylum law firm
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“My analysis was inspired by critical discourse analysis, and orients itself towards the four steps described by Gee (2014).”
Representations of Disability in Qur’anic Narratives
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“It is also used to examine contrasts between what a text meant in the past, compared to what it now means in the present; thus, critical discourse analysis points to the ways meaning can change, from one context to another, historically (Brown & Yule, 2012; Gee, 2014).”
Examining tenth-grade students’ errors in applying Polya’s problem-solving approach to Pythagorean theorem
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‘Who am I, really?’ – Self-help consumption and self-identity in the age of technology
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‘I Want Good Children, Also for this Country’: How Dutch Minority Muslim Parents’ Experience and Negotiate Parenting, Parenthood and Citizenship
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Connecting Discourse and Domain Models in Discourse Analysis through Ontological Proxies
González-Pérez, C. (2020) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics9111955 · Cited by 5
Emergent Methodologies: New Approaches for Integrating Theory and Practice: Priority 9 of the National Leadership Education Research Agenda 2020–2025
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Borders and Tensions in the Context of Doctoral Writing
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Meta-Generic Imaginings: Using Meta-Genre to Explore Imaginings of Doctoral Writing in Interdisciplinary Life Sciences
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Investigating inclusive practice in international schooling: a case study of two schools
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“In analyzing the documents, I employed techniques and methods from discourse analysis (Gee, 2014), in which documents were considered as text in their social contexts.”
Method
A TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM FOR NONVERBAL LISTENING BEHAVIOR
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Dedicating, faking, and surviving: disclosing tensions in how three women university students negotiate collectively celebrated norms across European contexts
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“Identity can be described as a ‘ complex set of practices in the world ’ (Gee, 2014, p. 22) inherently connected to being and becoming recognised as a ‘ certain kind of person ’ (Gee, 2000, p. 110).”
Background
Epistemic justice in international social work research: Postcolonial theory and analytic strategies
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Examining Inclusion in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs Through Minoritized Students' Advice to a Peer
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The scientist’s ways in national science curricula: A comparative study between Taiwan and Vietnam
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Language Learners’ Historical Bodies Directing their Agency in the Digital Wilds
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“Concurrently, as the students take on “different socially significant identities” while negotiating their “ways of being in the world at different times and places for different purposes” (Gee, 2014, pp. 2–3), they engage in identity work.”
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“…role for employers, without acknowledging the implicit exclusion of educational practitioners; at the same time, the ‘Doing and Not Just Saying Tool’ (Gee 2014a, 50) highlighted how the modal ‘will’ was used in the Skills Plan to bring a desired future into being, even while ostensibly…”
Influential
Tracking response flexibility in high-stakes summative assessments: A longitudinal student perspective
Smeets, A. G. J. M., van Ede, A. V., Vorstenbosch, M., & van Gurp, P. V. (2024) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2024.2422544 · Cited by 4
Mathematics in the Hands of Deaf Learners and Blind Learners: Visual–Gestural–Somatic Means of Doing and Expressing Mathematics
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Children usingFacebook: teachers’ discursive constructions of childhood
Chang‐Kredl, S., & Kozak, S. (2017) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2017.1305967 · Cited by 5
Relational Challenges and Breakthroughs: How Pre-Service English Teachers’ Figured Worlds Impact Their Relationships with Students
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“Our approach is also in alignment with his argument that groups play a crucial role in norming the experiences that help form figured worlds (Gee, 2014b, p. 95).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Of Bob, Madzibaba Gabriel, and Goblins: The Sociopolitics of Name-Calling and Nicknaming Mugabe in Post-2000 Zimbabwe
Nyambi, O. (2018) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244018774099 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of Environmental Education Activities
Silva, R. L. F., Ghilardi-Lopes, N. P., Raimundo, S. G., et al. (2019) · Brazilian marine biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05138-9_5 · Cited by 5
Promoting Empathetic Reading WithBetween Shades of GrayThrough a Global Blogging Project
Schieble, M. B., & Kucinskiene, L. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.1001 · Cited by 5
Encouraging Activism Through Art: Preservice Teachers Challenge Censorship
Leland, C. H., & Bangert, S. (2019) · Literacy Research Theory Method and Practice · doi:10.1177/2381336919870272 · Cited by 5
The Critical Analysis of Genre and Social Action
Björkvall, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.028 · Cited by 5
Registers, Styles, Indexicality
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The Bangkok Blast as a finger-pointing blame game
Huan, C., Deng, M., & Sritrakarn, N.-O. (2020) · Journal of Language and Politics · doi:10.1075/jlp.20014.hua · Cited by 5
Muslimhiphop.com: Constructing Muslim Hip Hop Identities on the Internet
Rantakallio, I. (2013) · CyberOrient · doi:10.1002/j.cyo2.20130702.0002 · Cited by 5
Language and Words: How Vocabulary Teaching Indexes Teacher Histories and Beliefs about Language
Ardell, L. (2021) · TESOL Quarterly (Print) · doi:10.1002/tesq.3069 · Cited by 4
Accepting or Challenging the Given? Critical Perspectives on Whole-class Readings of Texts in Social Studies
Walldén, R. (2021) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2021.1958685 · Cited by 5
“In line with the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2015; Gee, 2014) and Critical Literacy (Janks, 2010; Macken-Horarik, 1998), I view the close examination of features of texts as crucial for developing a critical understanding of how reality is construed in curriculum material…”
Method
Marchandisation sans frontières : la construction discursive d’espaces touristiques transnationaux en France
Wilson, A. (2021) · Argumentation et analyse du discours · doi:10.4000/aad.5538 · Cited by 5
Codeswitching and Translanguaging
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Belonging and Legitimacy for French Language Teachers
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Student Interpretations of Eigenequations in Linear Algebra and Quantum Mechanics
Wawro, M., Pina, A., Thompson, J. R., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s40753-024-00241-7 · Cited by 5
“We drew inferences from the language students used, which is type of discourse analysis (Gee, 2014).”
Pushing Past Clichés: Latina and Black Women’s Perceptions of the Dietetics Major and Profession during Career Exploration
Whelan, M., Ridgeway, M. L., & Yerrick, R. K. (2017) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2017.1303772 · Cited by 7
10. Beyond Beats, Rhymes, & Beyoncé
Ladson-Billings, G. J. (2010) · Transgressions · doi:10.1007/978-94-6351-032-5_7 · Cited by 5
Talking about Livet ‘life’ in Golden Age Danish
Hamann, M. G. T., & Levisen, C. (2017) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.277.05ham · Cited by 5
This Girl Can(’t): A Risk of Subjectification and Self-Surveillance in Sport England’s Behavioral Change Campaign
McVey, L., & Harrison, P. (2019) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2018.1519472 · Cited by 5
RETROSPECTIVE DISCOURSE DISCUSSIONS: HOW TEACHER TALK ENABLES ONE NOVICE LITERACY TEACHER TO MAKE SENSE OF COMPLEX TEACHING PROBLEMS
Bausch, L. S., & Voorhees, S. (2008) · The Teacher Educator · doi:10.1080/08878730701838876 · Cited by 5
Navigating the policy directive of child autonomy in universal pre-kindergarten practice
Michael-Luna, S., & Grey, L. (2018) · Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood · doi:10.1177/1463949118768325 · Cited by 5
New Directions in Qualitative Research at the Social Sciences Section of The Journals of Gerontology Series B
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Between International Policy and Local Practice: Nepali Service Providers’ Constructions of Domestic Violence in Context
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“In highlighting distinct discourses and linking them to political actors, positionings can be linked and tested across categories, providing insight into policy and influence (Gee, 2014).”
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“Table 2 shows our analysis framework, demonstrating how we used each characteristic of the magic circle as a tool of enquiry (Gee 2014: 90) to consider where approaches to learning sat in relation to the magic circle.”

Authors: Gee, J. P.
Affiliations: Arizona State University (US)
Corresponding author: Gee, James Paul
ORCID: Gee, James Paul
Venue: Routledge eBooks
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-02-03
DOI: 10.4324/9781315819679
OpenAlex: W4233790810
Cited by: 1,036
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 105 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 130.78
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Social Sciences › Education › Linguistics and Education Research
Keywords: discourse analysis, language use, James Paul Gee, sociocultural perspective, identity, discourse theory, language and culture

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An Introduction to Discourse Analysis

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