The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 24 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES
Open accessAbstract
Within the sphere of educational psychology, the impact of perfectionism on academic anxiety and flexibility has been closely examined, especially in the context of Chinese postgraduates. The current study analyzed these phenomena within a cohort of 218 postgraduates from a private international Chinese college in Thailand, reflecting an amalgam of Eastern academic culture and postgraduate educational expectations. Results indicated a notable degree of academic anxiety (X=3.70, SD=.75), alongside moderate levels of flexibility (X=2.94, SD=.84) and perfectionist behavior (X=3.23, SD=1.01). Disaggregating data by educational level, Masters students presented with moderate anxiety (X=3.38, SD=.87), low flexibility (X=2.53, SD=.74), and low perfectionism (X=2.74, SD=.66), whereas Ph.D. students exhibited significantly higher anxiety and perfectionism (X=4.51 and X=4.48, SD=.84 respectively), yet demonstrated greater flexibility (X=3.99, SD=.71). Gender and profession proved to be insubstantial factors in influencing these constructs. Contrastingly, educational level was a potent differentiator, with significant disparities evident. The interrelations highlighted a negative correlation between academic anxiety and flexibility (r=-.121), but a positive correlation between academic anxiety and perfectionist tendencies (r=.424). Flexibility and perfectionist behavior were also positively correlated (r=.153). To mitigate the adverse impacts of perfectionism, the study advocates for cognitive-behavioral interventions to reshape perfectionist thought patterns and bolster adaptive coping strategies. It encourages cultivating an educational ethos that emphasizes learning and psychological welfare over impeccable achievement and suggests normalizing mental health discourse within academic environments to alleviate the stigma surrounding perfectionism and anxiety. Article visualizations:
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This study surveyed 218 Chinese postgraduates at a private international college in Thailand and found high academic anxiety, moderate flexibility, and moderate perfectionist behavior. Educational level (master’s vs. PhD) significantly differentiated all three constructs, while gender and academic profession did not.
Key findings
- Overall, academic anxiety was high (X=3.70, SD=.75), flexibility was moderate (X=2.94, SD=.84), and perfectionist behavior was moderate (X=3.23, SD=1.01).
- Master’s students showed moderate anxiety (X=3.38, SD=.87), low flexibility (X=2.53, SD=.74), and low perfectionism (X=2.74, SD=.66); PhD students showed extremely high anxiety (X=4.51, SD=.84), high flexibility (X=3.99, SD=.71), and extremely high perfectionism (X=4.48, SD=.84).
- Gender and profession were not significant differentiators: gender anxiety F=1.181, p=.278; flexibility F=.061, p=.804; perfectionism F=.269, p=.604; profession anxiety F=.084, p=.773; flexibility F=.527, p=.469; perfectionism F=.964, p=.327.
- Correlations were significant: anxiety and flexibility were negatively correlated (r=-.121), anxiety and perfectionism positively correlated (r=.424), and flexibility and perfectionism positively correlated (r=.153). Educational level was significant for all three constructs (p=.000 for each).
Methods
- Quantitative design with 218 postgraduates from a Chinese international college affiliated with a private university in Thailand: 106 male (48.6%) and 112 female (51.4%); 157 master’s students (72.0%) and 61 PhD students (28.0%), across Education Management and Business Administration.
- Instruments were the Academic Anxiety Scale (11 items, 5-point Likert; ordinal α=.94, ordinal ω=.95), Coping Flexibility Scale (10 items, 5-point Likert; α=.87 abandonment, .92 re-coping, .86 meta-coping), and Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (16 items, 5-point Likert; test-retest r=.79 rigid, .75 self-critical, .71 narcissistic).
- Analysis used descriptive means and standard deviations, ANOVA for differences by educational level, gender, and profession, and Pearson correlation for relationships; questionnaires were distributed over a six-month period with a 45-hour course each month.
Limitations
- The paper does not state a limitations section.
- Evident from the text: the sample is drawn from a single private international Chinese college in Thailand, which limits generalizability to Chinese postgraduates more broadly.
- Evident from the text: the correlational design cannot establish causal direction among perfectionism, anxiety, and flexibility; also, reported ANOVA F-values for educational level differ between the text and Table 5 for flexibility and perfectionism, and Table 3 omits the perfectionist average shown in the abstract/results.
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Claims the paper makes
38 Own result · 7 Own interpretation · 6 Not checked yet · 3 Sources not found · 1 Check pending · 1 No full text of the sources
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| MA | Flexibility | 2.53 | .74 | Low |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
plainn = 157- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and perfectionist behavior (X=3.23,SD=1.01)”
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
“In the ambit of perfectionist behavior, the analysis yields a moderate average score (X=3.23,SD=1.01)”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The interrelation between academic anxiety and flexibility is encapsulated by a negative correlation (r=-.121)”
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
“| Anxiety | Pearson Correlation | | -.121 ** | .424 ** |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 4.4 Anxiety vs. Flexibility: Negative Correlated Exclusively
plaincorrelationaln = 218 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Ph.D. | Flexibility | 3.99 | .71 | High |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
plainn = 61- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Flexibility and perfectionist behavior were also positively correlated (r=.153).”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Ph.D. | Anxiety | 4.51 | .84 | Extremely High |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
plainn = 61- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“low perfectionism (X=2.74,SD=.66)”
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
“they also showed low levels of perfectionist behavior, with an average mean of 2.74 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.66.”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“those engaged in doctoral endeavors experiencing pronounced anxiety and perfectionism”
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
“| Ph.D. | Anxiety | 4.51 | .84 | Extremely High |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
plaincorrelationaln = 61- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| MA | Perfectionist | 2.74 | .66 | Low |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
plainn = 157- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“yet demonstrated greater flexibility (X=3.99,SD=.71)”
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
“Their flexibility, however, was higher than that of the masters students, with an average mean of 3.99 (SD=0.71)”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
- It may state two separate claims as one. 7
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“educational attainment levels emerge as significant discriminators”
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
“| Anxiety | Between Groups Within Groups | 55.924 6.179 | 1 217 | 55.924 .029 | 1955.022 | .000 |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
plaincorrelationaln = 218 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results indicated a notable degree of academic anxiety (X=3.70,SD=.75)”
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
“In relation to academic anxiety, the data presents an intriguing constellation of mean scores, articulating a predominantly high average (X=3.70,SD=.75) across the eleven items.”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
- Also stated in: § 4.1 Macro-Level Perspective: Average from All Postgraduates · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“gender and academic discipline fail to manifest as significant differential agents in the psychological phenomena under consideration.”
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
“| Anxiety | Between Groups Within Groups | .338 61.765 | 1 217 | .338 .286 | 1.181 | .278 |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
plainn = 218- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
- Also stated in: § 6. Recommendations · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but a positive correlation between academic anxiety and perfectionist tendencies (r=.424).”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Within the Chinese postgraduate context, a disconcerting observation emerges: the rigorous imposition of perfectionistic benchmarks by educators inversely impacts student cognitive flexibility, precipitating heightened anxiety and escalating the potential onset of anxiety disorders.”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 1.1 Research Background and Motivation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sultan et al., 2023
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pitso, 2021 source
- Not matchedcites Zhang, 2021
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The sinister companions of perfectionism-pessimistic cognitions and depressive tendencies-and the reluctance to acknowledge psychological distress delineate a pathogenic trajectory of psychological strain, often veiled by an illusion of competence (Pitso, 2021;Saulnier, 2019).”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pitso, 2021 source
- Not checked yetcites Saulnier, 2019
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“perfectionism not only burgeons from anxiety but also acts to perpetuate and amplify it.”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ong, 2022
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Ong & Twohig, 2022
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Comprehensive empirical inquiries, employing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, conspicuously attest to the link between intensified perfectionistic inclinations and amplified life stress or anxiety, cognitive inflexibility, and diminished psychological wellbeing”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 1.1 Research Background and Motivation
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a vivid testament to the intensifying pressures inherent at the apex of educational pursuit.”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dynamic of internalized ideals, apprehension of external appraisal, and the consequent evasive conduct portray a destructive spiral: the relentless quest for flawlessness engenders seclusion and exacerbates anguish (Juncos & Pona, 2022;Akpur & Yurtseven, 2019;Den-Uyl & Rasmussen, 2016).”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Juncos & Pona, 2022
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked yetcites Akpur & Yurtseven, 2019 source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Den-Uyl & Rasmussen, 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This denotes a dialectical tension where enhanced anxiety might coexist with-or indeed serve as a crucible for-the development of adaptive capabilities, thus instilling a certain resilience within the academic fray”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 5. Conclusion and Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The 218 postgraduates from a Chinese international college in Thailand are representative of Chinese postgraduates generally.
“The current study analyzed these phenomena within a cohort of 218 postgraduates from a private international Chinese college in Thailand”
“These participants, presumably representing a broad spectrum of academic and cultural backgrounds, promise a rich tapestry of insights pertinent to our topic of investigation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, and BTPS-SF are valid for measuring academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionist behavior in this Chinese postgraduate population.
“The present investigation employed three distinct psychometric instruments to elucidate the repercussions of perfectionist behavior on academic anxiety and flexibility among Chinese postgraduates.”
“Each instrument, underpinned by its psychometric properties, serves as a crucial linchpin in comprehending the multifaceted dimensions of the research topic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The instruments used (Academic Anxiety Scale, Coping Flexibility Scale, Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form) validly and reliably measure academic anxiety, coping flexibility, and perfectionism in the Chinese postgraduate population studied.
“| Academic Anxiety Scale (AAS) | Four Levels of Anxiety Severity | 5-point Likert Scale | Ordinal α = .94 Ordinal ω = .95 | 11 | Cassady, J.C. (2020) |”
“| Coping Flexibility Scale (CFS) | Evaluation & Adaptive Coping Subscales | 5-point Likert Scale | α = .87 (abandonment) α = .92 (re-coping) α = .86 (meta-coping) | 10 | Kato, T. (2012) |”
“| Perfectionism Scale-Short Form | Three Dimensions of Perfectionism | 5-point Likert Scale | Rigid: r = .79 Self-critical: r = .75 Narcissistic: r = .71 | 16 | Feher et al. (2019) |”
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of 218 Chinese postgraduates is representative of the broader population of Chinese postgraduates.
“| Total | | 218 | 100% |”
“| Gender | Male | 106 | 48.6% |”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
“| Anxiety | Between Groups Within Groups | 55.924 6.179 | 1 217 | 55.924 .029 | 1955.022 | .000 |”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
“Table: 4 Table 4 : A Comparison of Descriptive Data from MA (N=157) and Ph.D. (N=61) | Academic Level | Variable | Mean (X) | SD | Interpretation | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | MA | Anxiety | 3.38 | .87 | Moderate | | MA | Flexibility | 2.53 | .74 | Low | | MA | Perfectionist | 2.74 | .66 | Low | | Ph.D. | Anxiety | 4.51 | .84 | Extremely High |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 4.3 Educational Levels Made Significant Difference
“Perfectionist Behavior: F=5055.868,p=.000”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
“| Perfectionist | Between Groups Within Groups | 132.523 5.649 | 1 217 | 132.523 .026 | 5066.868 | .000 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 4.3 Educational Levels Made Significant Difference
“Flexibility: F= 93.661, p=.000”
§ SELF-INVESTIGATION INTO REPERCUSSIONS OF PERFECTIONIST BEHAVIOR ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND FLEXIBILITY AMONGST CHINESE POSTGRADUATES > 6. Recommendations
“| Flexibility | Between Groups Within Groups | 93.661 4.837 | 1 217 | 93.661 .022 | 4182.368 | .000 |”
Citations
Cites
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Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research
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Self-efficacy conception of anxiety
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“As elucidated by Bandura (1988), learners' beliefs in their capabilities can either magnify or attenuate the palpable effects of anxiety, underscoring the quintessence of self-efficacy in the broader pedagogical discourse.”
BackgroundA Dual Process Model of Perfectionism Based on Reinforcement Theory
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Self-oriented perfectionism, neuroticism and anxiety
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Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being
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Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Perfectionism
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- Gonzaga, L. R., Dellazzana-Zanon, L. L., & Silva, A. M. (2022). Handbook of stress and academic anxiety: Psychological processes and interventions with students and teachers. Springer Nature.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, M., & Shu, H. (2026) · Family Sciences · doi:10.3390/famsci2020016 · Cited by 1
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Supporting online learning in a hyperflexible MBA program - A Practice Report
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wei, L.-W.
- Venue
- European Journal of Education Studies
- Publisher
- Open Access Publishing Group
- Published
- 2023-11-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 2501-1111 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4389287099
- Semantic Scholar
- 41fa25902079c9eacff3c5a6283f7bc7d61bcdd2
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Education Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Access Publishing Group - European Journal of Education Studies (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- perfectionism, academic anxiety, flexibility, graduate students, educational level differences, cognitive-behavioral intervention, mental health stigma
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