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Cited by 1,423Fire effects on ecosystemsRangeland and Wildlife ManagementBurn Injury Management and Outcomes

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A Project for Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity

Open access
Eidenshink, Jeff, Schwind, Brian, Brewer, Ken, Zhu, Zhi-Liang, Quayle, Brad, Howard, Stephen·2007·Fire Ecology
DOI 10.4996/fireecology.0301003
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Abstract

Elected officials and leaders of environmental agencies need information about the effects of large wildfires in order to set policy and make management decisions. Recently, the Wildland Fire Leadership Council (WFLC), which implements and coordinates the National Fire Plan (NFP) and Federal Wildland Fire Management Policies (National Fire Plan 2004 ), adopted a strategy to monitor the effectiveness of the National Fire Plan and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA). One component of this strategy is to assess the environmental impacts of large wildland fires and identify the trends of burn severity on all lands across the United States. To that end, WFLC has sponsored a six-year project, Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), which requires the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA-FS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess the burn severity for all large current and historical fires. Using Landsat data and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) and USDA-FS Remote Sensing Applications Center will map burn severity of all fires since 1984 greater than 202 ha (500 ac) in the east, and 404 ha (1,000 ac) in the west. The number of historical fires from this period combined with current fires occurring during the course of the project will exceed 9,000. The MTBS project will generate burn severity data, maps, and reports, which will be available for use at local, state, and national levels to evaluate trends in burn severity and help develop and assess the effectiveness of land management decisions. Additionally, the information developed will provide a baseline from which to monitor the recovery and health of fire-affected landscapes over time. Spatial and tabular data quantifying burn severity will augment existing information used to estimate risk associated with a range of current and future resource threats. The annual report of 2004 fires has been completed. All data and results will be distributed to the public on a Web site.

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Crossref · 10.4996/fireecology.0301003

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 MTBS mapping zones. Historical fi res are scheduled to be mapped during the fi scal years labeled in each zone.
Figure 1 MTBS mapping zones. Historical fi res are scheduled to be mapped during the fi scal years labeled in each zone.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 The processing sequence for using Landsat images to map burn severity and a fi re perimeter for a fi re in the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge (yellow line is the refuge border).
Figure 2 The processing sequence for using Landsat images to map burn severity and a fi re perimeter for a fi re in the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge (yellow line is the refuge border).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Wildland fi re locations across the project extent. Patterns of fi re frequency are clearly visible. Suspected omissions of fi re occurrences as well as coarse spatial precision are also visible in some parts of the project, particularly the midwestern, southern, and northeastern United States.
Figure 3 Wildland fi re locations across the project extent. Patterns of fi re frequency are clearly visible. Suspected omissions of fi re occurrences as well as coarse spatial precision are also visible in some parts of the project, particularly the midwestern, southern, and northeastern United States.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4a A dNBR image for the Cerro Grande fi re (2003). Lighter areas represent higher positive values corresponding to greater degrees of change, i.e., higher fi re severity.
Figure 4a A dNBR image for the Cerro Grande fi re (2003). Lighter areas represent higher positive values corresponding to greater degrees of change, i.e., higher fi re severity.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4b A graphical depiction of the dNBR data range associated with the Cerro Grande fi re. Positive values represent a gradient of increasing fi re severity and negative values represent increased spectral response usually associated with higher photosynthetic activity in post-fi re vegetation, compared to pre-fi re vegetation. Values near zero represent little or no change.
Figure 4b A graphical depiction of the dNBR data range associated with the Cerro Grande fi re. Positive values represent a gradient of increasing fi re severity and negative values represent increased spectral response usually associated with higher photosynthetic activity in post-fi re vegetation, compared to pre-fi re vegetation. Values near zero represent little or no change.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Location of 2004 wildland fi res mapped by MTBS.
Figure 5 Location of 2004 wildland fi res mapped by MTBS.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 7
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 8
CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 The percentage of burn severity for the conterminous United States in 2004.
Figure 7 The percentage of burn severity for the conterminous United States in 2004.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 9 The proportions of high and moderate burn severity by vegetated land cover class for fi res in the entire U.S. in 2004.
Figure 9 The proportions of high and moderate burn severity by vegetated land cover class for fi res in the entire U.S. in 2004.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 10 The proportions of wildland cover types in the United States affected by fi re in 2004.
Figure 10 The proportions of wildland cover types in the United States affected by fi re in 2004.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 11 The states most affected by fi re in 2004 (total acres burned).
Figure 11 The states most affected by fi re in 2004 (total acres burned).CC-BY · From the PDF

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Citations

Cites

Show all 31 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Gmelin, M., and K. Brewer. 2002. Operational change detection-based fire severity mapping using Landsat TM data. P. 1–8 in Rapid delivery of remote sensing products [electronic resource]: proceedings of the Ninth Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Conference, Greer, J. (ed.). ASPRS, San Diego, California.
  2. Key, C.H., and N.C. Benson. 2002. Measuring and remote sensing of burn severity, U.S. Geological Survey wildland fire workshop.
  3. Thode, A. 2005. Quantifying the fire regime attributes of severity and spatial complexity using field and imagery data, PhD diss, University of California, Davis, California.

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Metadata

Authors
Eidenshink, J., Schwind, B., Brewer, K., Zhu, Z.-L., Quayle, B., & Howard, S.
Affiliations
  • United States Geological Survey (US)
  • US Forest Service (US)
Corresponding author
Eidenshink, Jeff
ORCID
Howard, Stephen
Venue
Fire Ecology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-06
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
3-21
ISSN
1933-9747 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4996/fireecology.0301003
OpenAlex
W2138800506
Cited by
1,423
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 110 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 42
FWCI
6.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
Fire Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • U.S. Forest Service
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
Keywords
burn severity, Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, National Fire Plan, forest fires, dNBR, Landsat, fire policy, fire risk assessment

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