Wildland fire as a self‐regulating mechanism: the role of previous burns and weather in limiting fire progression

Parks, Sean A.; Holsinger, Lisa M.; Miller, Carol; Nelson, Cara R.

doi:10.1890/14-1430.1

Cited by 245Fire effects on ecosystemsRangeland and Wildlife ManagementFire dynamics and safety research

Wildland fire as a self‐regulating mechanism: the role of previous burns and weather in limiting fire progression

Parks, Sean A., Holsinger, Lisa M., Miller, Carol, Nelson, Cara R.·2015·Ecological Applications

DOI 10.1890/14-1430.1

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Abstract

Theory suggests that natural fire regimes can result in landscapes that are both self‐regulating and resilient to fire. For example, because fires consume fuel, they may create barriers to the spread of future fires, thereby regulating fire size. Top‐down controls such as weather, however, can weaken this effect. While empirical examples demonstrating this pattern–process feedback between vegetation and fire exist, they have been geographically limited or did not consider the influence of time between fires and weather. The availability of remotely sensed data identifying fire activity over the last four decades provides an opportunity to explicitly quantify the ability of wildland fire to limit the progression of subsequent fire. Furthermore, advances in fire progression mapping now allow an evaluation of how daily weather as a top‐down control modifies this effect. In this study, we evaluated the ability of wildland fire to create barriers that limit the spread of subsequent fire along a gradient representing time between fires in four large study areas in the western United States. Using fire progression maps in conjunction with weather station data, we also evaluated the influence of daily weather. Results indicate that wildland fire does limit subsequent fire spread in all four study areas, but this effect decays over time; wildland fire no longer limits subsequent fire spread 6–18 years after fire, depending on the study area. We also found that the ability of fire to regulate subsequent fire progression was substantially reduced under extreme conditions compared to moderate weather conditions in all four study areas. This study increases understanding of the spatial feedbacks that can lead to self‐regulating landscapes as well as the effects of top‐down controls, such as weather, on these feedbacks. Our results will be useful to managers who seek to restore natural fire regimes or to exploit recent burns when managing fire.

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Some ecosystems demonstrate negative fire-vegetation feedbacks, whereby fire temporarily reduces fuel loading or flammability, which decreases the probability of repeat burning for a period of years to several decades.
“Some ecosystems demonstrate negative fire-vegetation feedbacks, whereby fire temporarily reduces fuel loading or flammability, which decreases the probability of repeat burning for a period of years to several decades (Figure 3).Such feedbacks are evident in boreal forests and several types of temperate coniferous forest (Heon, Arseneault, & Parisien, 2014;Parks et al., 2015).”
From Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers (2020) · cites this paper as Parks et al., 2015
Fire suppression prevents fire from spreading, and can cause accumulation of fuels that increases the likelihood of fire ignition, fire spread and crown fire activity.
“Fire suppression prevents fire from spreading, and fire suppression can cause accumulation of fuels that increases the likelihood of fire ignition, fire spread and crown fire activity (Parks, Holsinger, Miller, & Nelson, 2015).”
From Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers (2020) · cites this paper as Parks, Holsinger, Miller, & Nelson, 2015

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Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires: 10 common questions
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Wildfire management in Canada: Review, challenges and opportunities
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Climate change and the eco‐hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA?
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How will climate change affect wildland fire severity in the western US?
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Variability and drivers of burn severity in the northwestern Canadian boreal forest
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Rapid Growth of Large Forest Fires Drives the Exponential Response of Annual Forest‐Fire Area to Aridity in the Western United States
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Fuel treatment effectiveness in the context of landform, vegetation, and large, wind‐driven wildfires
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An empirical machine learning method for predicting potential fire control locations for pre-fire planning and operational fire management
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Bottom-Up Variables Govern Large-Fire Size in Portugal
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Previous burns and topography limit and reinforce fire severity in a large wildfire
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Wildfire risk science facilitates adaptation of fire-prone social-ecological systems to the new fire reality
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Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?
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Tamm review: The effects of prescribed fire on wildfire regimes and impacts: A framework for comparison
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Rethinking the Wildland Fire Management System
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Mapping Local Effects of Forest Properties on Fire Risk across Canada
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Contributions of fire refugia to resilient ponderosa pine and dry mixed‐conifer forest landscapes
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2017 Montana Climate Assessment
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Beyond Fuel Treatment Effectiveness: Characterizing Interactions between Fire and Treatments in the US
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A review of challenges to determining and demonstrating efficiency of large fire management
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Wildfires managed for restoration enhance ecological resilience
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A Model-Based Framework to Evaluate Alternative Wildfire Suppression Strategies
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Landscape fires disproportionally affect high conservation value temperate peatlands, meadows, and deciduous forests, but only under low moisture conditions
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Simulation Modeling of Complex Climate, Wildfire, and Vegetation Dynamics to Address Wicked Problems in Land Management
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Forest fire policy: change conventional thinking of smoke management to prioritize long-term air quality and public health
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Turning Down the Heat: Vegetation Feedbacks Limit Fire Regime Responses to Global Warming
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Topography, Climate and Fire History Regulate Wildfire Activity in the Alaskan Tundra
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Authors: Parks, S. A., Holsinger, L. M., Miller, C., & Nelson, C. R.
Affiliations: US Forest Service (US)
University of Montana (US)
Corresponding author: Parks, Sean A.
ORCID: Parks, Sean A.
Holsinger, Lisa M.
Miller, Carol
Nelson, Cara R.
Venue: Ecological Applications
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-09
Volume: 25
Issue: 6
Pages: 1478-1492
ISSN: 1051-0761 (ISSN-L)
1939-5582
DOI: 10.1890/14-1430.1
OpenAlex: W2160689515
Cited by: 239
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 8
FWCI: 21.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Ecological Applications (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Fire dynamics and safety research
Keywords: forest fires, fire regimes, fire barriers, time since fire, fire management, natural fire regimes
MeSH terms: Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring, Fires, United States, Weather

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Wildland fire as a self‐regulating mechanism: the role of previous burns and weather in limiting fire progression

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