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Air quality and radiative impacts of Arctic shipping emissions in the summertime in northern Norway: from the local to the regional scale

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Marelle, Louis, Thomas, Jennie L., Raut, Jean-Christophe, Law, Kathy S., Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Johansson, Lasse, Roiger, Anke, Schlager, Hans +3 more·2016·Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
DOI 10.5194/acp-16-2359-2016

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Abstract

In this study, we quantify the impacts of shipping pollution on air quality and shortwave radiative effect in northern Norway, using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with chemistry) simulations combined with high-resolution, real-time STEAM2 (Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model version 2) shipping emissions. STEAM2 emissions are evaluated using airborne measurements from the ACCESS (Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society) aircraft campaign, which was conducted in the summer 2012, in two ways. First, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) are derived for specific ships by combining in situ measurements in ship plumes and FLEXPART-WRF plume dispersion modeling, and these values are compared to STEAM2 emissions for the same ships. Second, regional WRF-Chem runs with and without STEAM2 ship emissions are performed at two different resolutions, 3 km × 3 km and 15 km × 15 km, and evaluated against measurements along flight tracks and average campaign profiles in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere. These comparisons show that differences between STEAM2 emissions and calculated emissions can be quite large (−57 to +148 %) for individual ships, but that WRF-Chem simulations using STEAM2 emissions reproduce well the average NO x , SO 2 and O 3 measured during ACCESS flights. The same WRF-Chem simulations show that the magnitude of NO x and ozone (O 3 ) production from ship emissions at the surface is not very sensitive (< 5 %) to the horizontal grid resolution (15 or 3 km), while surface PM 10 particulate matter enhancements due to ships are moderately sensitive (15 %) to resolution. The 15 km resolution WRF-Chem simulations are used to estimate the regional impacts of shipping pollution in northern Norway. Our results indicate that ship emissions are an important source of pollution along the Norwegian coast, enhancing 15-day-averaged surface concentrations of NO x ( ∼ +80 %), SO 2 ( ∼ +80 %), O 3 ( ∼ +5 %), black carbon ( ∼ +40 %), and PM 2.5 ( ∼ +10 %). The residence time of black carbon originating from shipping emissions is 1.4 days. Over the same 15-day period, ship emissions in northern Norway have a global shortwave (direct + semi-direct + indirect) radiative effect of −9.3 m Wm −2 .

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  • Future shipping may lead to significant increases in ozone levels, introducing a potential extra burden on already stressed Arctic ecosystems.

    “As discussed earlier, future shipping may also lead to signi fi cant increases in ozone levels (Granier et al., 2006; Marelle et al., 2016) thus introducing a potential extra burden on the already stressed Arctic ecosystems.”

    From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Marelle et al., 2016

    Section 5.2.1 reports that shipping increased modeled surface ozone by about 6% along the northern Norwegian coast during a 15-day period in 2012, and the Introduction projects growth in Arctic shipping. The paper does not quantify future ozone increases; its Conclusions say the study's limited region and timescale prevent assessment of some wider shipping impacts. The potential burden on Arctic ecosystems is the citing authors' inference, not a finding reported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Using the STEAM2 emissions, Marelle et al. (2016) simulated enhancements in ozone (5%), BC (40%), and PM2.5 (10%) for the Norwegian coast during July 2012.

    “Using the STEAM2 emissions, Marelle et al. (2016) simulated enhancements in ozone (5%), BC (40%), and PM2.5 (10%) for the Norwegian coast during July 2012.”

    From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Marelle et al., 2016

  • Changes in ozone concentrations depend strongly on dispersion of precursor emissions due to nonlinearity in the relationship between ozone production rates and NOx concentration.

    “In addition, changes in ozone concentrations depend strongly on dispersion of precursor emissions due to nonlinearity in the relationship between ozone production rates and NO x concentration (Marelle et al., 2016; Ryerson et al., 2001).”

    From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Marelle et al., 2016

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Authors
Marelle, L., Thomas, J. L., Raut, J.-C., Law, K. S., Jalkanen, J.-P., Johansson, L., Roiger, A., Schlager, H., Kim, J., Reiter, A., & Weinzierl, B.
Affiliations
  • Total (France) (FR)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI)
  • Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
Corresponding author
Marelle, Louis
ORCID
Venue
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2016-02-29
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
2359-2379
ISSN
  • 1680-7316 (ISSN-L)
  • 1680-7324
DOI
10.5194/acp-16-2359-2016
OpenAlex
W2106676828
Cited by
92
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
FWCI
6.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Atmospheric chemistry and physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • European Commission (265863)
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-BS56-0021)
  • Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  • Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords
air quality, WRF-Chem, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone formation, black carbon, PM2.5, PM10, marine boundary layer, grid resolution sensitivity, Arctic air pollution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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