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Cited by 681Marine and coastal ecosystemsOcean Acidification Effects and ResponsesAtmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

A multi-decade record of high-quality f CO 2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT)

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Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy +84 more·2016·Earth System Science Data
DOI 10.5194/essd-8-383-2016

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Abstract

Abstract. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

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  • The number of measurements of fCO2 increased from about 0.3 million per year during 1995-2000 to 1.1 million per year during 2005-2012.

    “The number of measurements of fCO 2 increased from about 0.3 million per year during 1995-2000 to 1.1 million per year during 2005-2012 (Bakker et al., 2016).”

    From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Bakker et al., 2016

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Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S. R., Balestrini, C. F., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bianchi, A. A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E. F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J. S. P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K. F., Sutherland, S. C., Sutton, A. J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A. J., & Xu, S.
Affiliations
  • Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (NO)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
  • National Institute for Environmental Studies (JP)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
  • GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
  • Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
  • CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (AU)
  • Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service (AR)
  • Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BM)
  • Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (BR)
  • University of Delaware (US)
  • Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration (CN)
  • Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (NO)
  • National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NZ)
  • Norwegian Polar Institute (NO)
  • Université de Perpignan (FR)
  • Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (GB)
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (ZA)
  • University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
  • Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
  • University of Southampton (GB)
  • University of New Hampshire (US)
  • Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (BJ)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Plymouth Marine Laboratory (GB)
  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
  • Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (JP)
  • Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (DE)
  • University of Miami (US)
  • Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (US)
  • Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JP)
  • United States Geological Survey (US)
  • Japan Meteorological Agency (JP)
  • Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (DE)
  • Instytut Oceanologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PL)
  • World Meteorological Organization (CH)
  • Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
  • State Oceanic Administration (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Pfeil, Benjamin
  • Landa, Camilla S.
  • Metzl, Nicolas
  • O'Brien, Kevin M.
  • Olsen, Are
  • Smith, Karl
  • Cosca, Cathy
  • Harasawa, Sumiko
  • Jones, Stephen D.
  • Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro
  • Nojiri, Yukihiro
  • Schuster, Ute
  • Steinhoff, Tobias
  • Sweeney, Colm
  • Takahashi, Taro
  • Tilbrook, Bronte
  • Wada, Chisato
  • Wanninkhof, Rik
  • Alin, Simone R.
  • Balestrini, Carlos F.
  • Barbero, Leticia
  • Bates, Nicholas R.
  • Bianchi, Alejandro A.
  • Bonou, Frédéric
  • Boutin, Jacqueline
  • Bozec, Yann
  • Burger, Eugene F.
  • Cai, Wei-Jun
  • Castle, Robert D.
  • Chen, Liqi
  • Chierici, Melissa
  • Currie, Kim
  • Evans, Wiley
  • Featherstone, Charles
  • Feely, Richard A.
  • Fransson, Agneta
  • Goyet, Catherine
  • Greenwood, Naomi
  • Gregor, Luke
  • Hankin, Steven
  • Harlay, Jérôme
  • Hauck, Judith
  • Hoppema, Mario
  • Humphreys, Matthew P.
  • Hunt, Christopher W.
  • Huss, Betty
  • Ibánhez, J. Severino P.
  • Johannessen, Truls
  • Keeling, Ralph
  • Kitidis, Vassilis
  • Körtzinger, Arne
  • Kozyr, Alex
  • Kuwata, Akira
  • Landschützer, Peter
  • Lauvset, Siv K.
  • Lefèvre, Nathalie
  • Manke, Ansley
  • Mathis, Jeremy T.
  • Merlivat, Liliane
  • Millero, Frank J.
  • Monteiro, Pedro M. S.
  • Munro, David R.
  • Murata, Akihiko
  • Newberger, Timothy
  • Omar, Abdirahman M.
  • Ono, Tsuneo
  • Paterson, Kristina
  • Pearce, David
  • Pierrot, Denis
  • Robbins, Lisa L.
  • Saito, Shu
  • Salisbury, Joe
  • Schneider, Bernd
  • Schweitzer, Roland
  • Sieger, Rainer
  • Skjelvan, Ingunn
  • Sullivan, Kevin F.
  • Sutherland, Stewart C.
  • Sutton, Adrienne J.
  • Tadokoro, Kazuaki
  • Telszewski, Maciej
  • Tuma, Matthias
  • Vandemark, Doug
  • Ward, Brian
  • Watson, Andrew J.
  • Xu, Suqing
ORCID
Venue
Earth System Science Data
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2016-09-15
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
383-413
ISSN
  • 1866-3508 (ISSN-L)
  • 1866-3516
DOI
10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
OpenAlex
W2395026888
Cited by
681
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 1
FWCI
1440.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Earth system science data (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • NIOZ Publications (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (acceptedVersion)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
  • Marine Biological Association (acceptedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) (submittedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Flanders Marine Institute (Flanders Marine Institute) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion)
  • eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (submittedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • Seventh Framework Programme (264879, 283080)
  • Natural Environment Research Council (NE/H017046/1, NE/K00168X/1)
  • Climate Program Office (NOAA ??)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA Ocean Acidification Program)
  • Norges Forskningsråd (SNACS 229752)
  • Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Formas 2004-797)
  • Vetenskapsrådet (2004-4034)
  • European Space Agency (ESA)
  • Royal Society Te Apārangi (New Zealand - Germany Science and Technology Programme)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Keywords
SOCAT, fugacity of carbon dioxide, surface ocean CO2, coastal waters, ocean carbon sink, ocean acidification, data quality control, atmospheric CO2, ocean biogeochemical models

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