Cited by 349Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorStress and Burnout ResearchLabor Movements and Unions

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Distinguishing Voice and Silence at Work: Unique Relationships with Perceived Impact, Psychological Safety, and Burnout

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Sherf, Elad N., Parke, Michael R., Isaakyan, Sofya·2021·Academy of Management Journal

DOI 10.5465/amj.2018.1428

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Abstract

Scholars continue to debate whether voice and silence are opposites or distinct constructs. This ambiguity has prevented meaningful theoretical advancements about employees’ voice and silence at work. We draw on the behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems perspective to provide a conceptual framework for the independence of voice and silence and explicate how two key antecedents—perceived impact and psychological safety—more strongly relate to voice and silence, respectively. We further differentiate voice and silence by identifying their distinct effects on employee burnout. In Study 1, a meta-analysis, we demonstrate that voice and silence are independent (Mρ = −.15) and that perceived impact (psychological safety) relates more strongly to voice (silence) than to silence (voice). We also find that silence has a significantly stronger association with burnout compared to voice. In Study 2, we constructively replicate these findings in an interval-contingent panel study across six months. Taken together, this article helps shift the conversation of whether voice and silence are distinct constructs to how they differ and why such differences matter.

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Authors: Sherf, E. N., Parke, M. R., & Isaakyan, S.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
ORCID: Sherf, Elad N.
Parke, Michael R.
Isaakyan, Sofya
Venue: Academy of Management Journal
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 2021-02
Volume: 64
Issue: 1
Pages: 114-148
ISSN: 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
1948-0989
DOI: 10.5465/amj.2018.1428
OpenAlex: W3005288118
Semantic Scholar: 8090554c1ccb1981f5645fad8304e76f92b063b3
Cited by: 349
References: 248
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 32
FWCI: 32.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
pure.eur.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Academy of Management Journal (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
London Business School Research Online (London Business School) (acceptedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
UNC Libraries
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Labor Movements and Unions
Keywords: employee voice, employee silence, perceived impact, psychological safety, burnout, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system, workplace dissent

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Distinguishing Voice and Silence at Work: Unique Relationships with Perceived Impact, Psychological Safety, and Burnout

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