The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Value Creation and Value Capture: A Multilevel Perspective
Abstract
As an introduction to the special issue topic of value creation, we define value creation in terms of use value and exchange value and discuss some of the key issues related to its study, including the topic of value capture. Although the definition of value creation is common across levels of analysis, the process of value creation will differ based on whether value is created by an individual, an organization, or society. We use the concepts of competition and isolating mechanisms to explain how value can be captured at different levels of analysis.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Value creation for consumers occurs when the value produced by individual actors' efforts exceeds the value complementors capture (Jacobides et al., 2024;Lepak et al., 2007).”
From What role do data network effects play for multihoming complements? An empirical analysis of platform complementors’ strategies for consumer value creation (2025) · cites this paper as Lepak et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Barney, J. (1991) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639101700108 · Cited by 48,334
Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage
Barney, J. B. (2004) · Advances in strategic management · doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4 · Cited by 38,216
The Theory of Economic Development
Schumpeter, J. A., & Backhaus, U. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3 · Cited by 22,757
Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
March, J. G. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.71 · Cited by 21,942
The Competitive Advantage of Nations
Clark, T. W., & Porter, M. (1991) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251962 · Cited by 17,454
The Competitive Advantage of Nations
Porter, M. E. (1990) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-11336-1 · Cited by 15,654
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Fukuyama, F., & Schumpeter, J. A. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048211 · Cited by 15,349
Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance
Porter, M. E. (1985) · Cited by 14,725
Competitive advantage, creating and sustaining superior performance
Weil, K. E. (1985) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 10,284
HUSELID, M. A. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256741 · Cited by 9,342
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Amabile T. M., 1996, Creativity in context
- Damanpour F., 1995, Creative action in organizations, 125
- Locke E., 1995, Creative action in organizations, 115
- March J. G., 1958, Organizations
- Nahapiet J., 1998, Academy of Management Review, 23, 242, 10.5465/amr.1998.533225 · DOI · Paper page
- Rindova V. P., 2001, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1263
- Tripsas M., 2000, Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1147, 10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1147::AID-SMJ128>3.0.CO;2-R · DOI
- Whitener E., 2001, Journal of Management, 27, 515
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 999
Drivers of Sustainable Innovation Strategies for Increased Competition among Companies
Lopes, J. M., Gomes, S., Pacheco, R., Monteiro, E., & dos Santos, C. M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14095471 · Cited by 67
Vantagem competitiva, criação de valor e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho
de Brito, R. P., & Brito, L. A. L. (2012) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-75902012000100006 · Cited by 66
Rediscovering the “Human” in strategic human capital
Wright, P. M. (2020) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100781 · Cited by 66
Lee, J. Y., Kim, D., Choi, B., & Jiménez, A. (2023) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-022-00596-6 · Cited by 77
Primario, S., Rippa, P., & Secundo, G. (2024) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2024.100473 · Cited by 71
Managing Intellectual Property in Global Outsourcing for Innovation Generation
Roy, S., & Sivakumar, K. (2010) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00780.x · Cited by 67
Chih, Y., Zwikael, O., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2019) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.04.001 · Cited by 65
Nair, S., & Blomquist, T. (2018) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2018.1495325 · Cited by 64
Mulder, S. T., Omidvari, A., Rueten‐Budde, A. J., Huang, P., Kim, K.-H., Bais, B., Rousian, M., Hai, R., Akgün, C., van Lennep, J. E. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/35675 · Cited by 64
A conceptual model of frugal innovation: is environmental munificence a missing link?
Farooq, R. (2017) · International Journal of Innovation Science · doi:10.1108/ijis-08-2017-0076 · Cited by 64
Private Environmental Governance Through Cross-Sector Partnerships
Hahn, T., & Pinkse, J. (2014) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/1086026614530996 · Cited by 72
Tong, L., Wang, H. C., & Xia, J. (2019) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2018.0229 · Cited by 63
Subjective value in entrepreneurship
Bylund, P. L., & Packard, M. D. (2021) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-021-00451-2 · Cited by 64
Stefan, I., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Oikarinen, E. (2022) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.028 · Cited by 54
Beyond free software: An exploration of the business value of strategic open source
Morgan, L., & Finnegan, P. (2014) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2014.07.001 · Cited by 63
Chasing value offerings through green supply chain innovation
Jensen, J. K., Munksgaard, K. B., & Stentoft, J. (2013) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/09555341311302657 · Cited by 63
Modeling the operational capabilities for customized and commoditized services
Coltman, T., & Devinney, T. (2013) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2013.09.002 · Cited by 72
The dynamic capabilities perspective of strategic management: a co-citation analysis
Fernandes, C., Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M. L. B., Estevão, C. M. S., Peris‐Ortiz, M., & Rueda‐Armengot, C. (2017) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-017-2397-8 · Cited by 86
Li‐Ying, J., Mothe, C., & Nguyen-Thi, T. U. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.031 · Cited by 69
A framework for studying outcomes in industrial symbiosis
Wadström, C., Johansson, M., & Wallén, M. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111526 · Cited by 77
Méndez‐León, E., Reyes, T., & Díaz‐Pichardo, R. (2021) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2871 · Cited by 62
Gascó-Hernández, M., Gil-García, J. R., & Luna-Reyes, L. (2022) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2022.101710 · Cited by 58
Digital platforms for food waste reduction: The value for business users
Amaral, D. G., & Orsato, R. J. (2022) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3193 · Cited by 67
Impacts of digitalization on value creation and capture: Evidence from the agricultural value chain
Klingenberg, C. O., Antunes, J. A. V., & Müller‐Seitz, G. (2022) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103468 · Cited by 67
Income inequality ignored? An agenda for business and strategic organization
Bapuji Hari, B., & Neville, L. (2015) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/1476127015589902 · Cited by 65
Value creation and capture through human resource management practices
Malik, A., Pereira, V. E., & Budhwar, P. S. (2017) · Organizational Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.09.002 · Cited by 61
Innovation and export performance: a meta-analytic review and theoretical integration
Bıçakcıoğlu-Peynirci, N., Hizarci‐Payne, A. K., Özgen, Ö., & Madran, C. (2019) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-06-2019-0149 · Cited by 61
Value creation attempts via photographs in sustainability reporting: a legitimacy theory perspective
Ali, I., Lodhia, S., & Narayan, A. K. (2020) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-02-2020-0722 · Cited by 60
The cultural side of value creation
Ravasi, D., Rindova, V., & Dalpiaz, E. (2012) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/1476127012452824 · Cited by 60
Strategizing for digital innovations: Value propositions for transcending market boundaries
Antonopoulou, K., & Begkos, C. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120042 · Cited by 68
Yasir, M., & Majid, A. (2020) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-02-2018-0061 · Cited by 64
How Blockchain Innovation could affect the Audit Profession: A Qualitative Study
Elommal, N., & Manita, R. (2021) · Journal of Innovation Economics & Management · doi:10.3917/jie.pr1.0103 · Cited by 66
Power and trust in supply chain collaboration
Sridharan, R., & Simatupang, T. M. (2013) · International Journal of Value Chain Management · doi:10.1504/ijvcm.2013.057344 · Cited by 59
Aspara, J., & Tikkanen, H. (2012) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.04.004 · Cited by 59
Experience and Signaling Value in Technology Licensing Contract Payment Structures
Kotha, R. R., Crama, P., & Kim, P. H. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.1233 · Cited by 59
An Institutional Economics Framework to Explore Sustainable Production and Consumption
Bradley, P. (2021) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.02.035 · Cited by 58
Crowdsourcing: Useful for Problem Solving, But What About Value Capture?
Bloodgood, J. M. (2013) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2012.0318 · Cited by 58
Vendrell-Herrero, F., Gomes, E., Collinson, S. C., Parry, G., & Bustinza, Ó. F. (2017) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.06.003 · Cited by 59
Munyon, T., Jenkins, M. T., Crook, T. R., Edwards, J., & Harvey, N. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2350 · Cited by 54
Towards a More ‘Ethically Correct’ Governance for Economic Sustainability
Pitelis, C. N. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1616-8 · Cited by 57
Capabilities and Radical Changes of the Business Models of New Bioscience Firms
Brink, J. A., & Holmén, M. (2009) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2009.00519.x · Cited by 57
Olk, P. M., & West, J. (2019) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.12364 · Cited by 62
Best, B., Miller, K., McAdam, R., & Maâlaoui, A. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.043 · Cited by 58
Value Creation and Value Appropriation in Innovation Process in Publicly-Traded Family Firms
Memili, E., Fang, H., & Welsh, D. (2015) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-06-2014-0391 · Cited by 43
Impact of business relationship functions on relationship quality and buyer's performance
Song, Y., Su, Q., Liu, Q., & Wang, T. (2012) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/08858621211221661 · Cited by 56
Service and value in the interactive business landscape
Ford, D., & Mouzas, S. (2012) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.11.003 · Cited by 56
Wruk, D., Oberg, A., Klutt, J., & Maurer, I. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04209-5 · Cited by 59
An overview of the consumer value literature - perceived value, desired value
Morar, D. D. (2013) · Marketing From Information to Decision · Cited by 55
The strategic value of data resources in emergent industries
Mamonov, S., & Triantoro, T. (2017) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.004 · Cited by 57
Jolink, A., & Niesten, E. (2020) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2020.101996 · Cited by 62
Jiang, Y., Ritchie, B. W., & Verreynne, M. (2021) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2021.1900204 · Cited by 54
Kafouros, M. I., Aliyev, M., & Krammer, S. M. S. (2021) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2021.104263 · Cited by 54
The Role of Green Innovation in the Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Performance
Novitasari, M., & Tarigan, Z. J. H. (2022) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies10050117 · Cited by 54
Conceptualizing the elements of value in public services: insights from practitioners
Cui, T., & Aulton, K. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2226676 · Cited by 71
Archetypes of organizational success and failure
Fleck, D. L. (2009) · BAR - Brazilian Administration Review · doi:10.1590/s1807-76922009000200002 · Cited by 54
Responding to Value Pluralism in Hybrid Organizations
Castellas, E., Stubbs, W., & Ambrosini, V. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-3809-2 · Cited by 51
Reviewing Value Creation in Agriculture—A Conceptual Analysis and a New Framework
Sadovska, V., Axelson, L. E., & Mark‐Herbert, C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12125021 · Cited by 66
Value‐creation in new product development within converging value chains
Bröring, S., & Cloutier, L. M. (2008) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070700810844803 · Cited by 53
Business Model Innovation between the embryonic and growth stages of industry lifecycle
Vittori, D., Natalicchio, A., Panniello, U., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Cupertino, F. (2022) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102592 · Cited by 51
Hotel managers' perceptions of the value of diversity training: an empirical investigation
Reynolds, D., Rahman, I., & Bradetich, S. (2014) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-02-2013-0079 · Cited by 52
Value appropriation in business exchange – literature review and future research opportunities
Ellegaard, C., Medlin, C. J., & Geersbro, J. (2014) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-03-2012-0039 · Cited by 52
The internet and value co-creation: the case of the popular music industry
Choi, H., & Burnes, B. (2013) · Prometheus · doi:10.1080/08109028.2013.774595 · Cited by 60
Challenges of business models for sustainability in startups
NUNES, A. K. D. S., Morioka, S. N., & Bolis, I. (2022) · RAUSP Management Journal · doi:10.1108/rausp-10-2021-0216 · Cited by 75
Mitchell, J., Israelsen, T. L., Mitchell, R. K., & Lim, D. S. K. (2021) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106146 · Cited by 54
Human Capital Resources Emergence Theory: The Role of Social Capital
Ray, C., Nyberg, A. J., & Maltarich, M. A. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2020.0186 · Cited by 50
The Impact of Causal Ambiguity on Competitive Advantage and Rent Appropriation
Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2009.00644.x · Cited by 50
Žerjav, V., McArthur, J., & Edkins, A. (2021) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.03.004 · Cited by 49
Blended value co-creation: A qualitative investigation of relationship designs of social enterprises
Ostertag, F., Hahn, R., & Ince, I. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.006 · Cited by 62
Value creation through reverse logistics in used clothing networks
Pal, R. (2017) · The International Journal of Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/ijlm-11-2016-0272 · Cited by 49
A Theory of Firm Value Capture from Employee Job Performance: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Call, M. L., & Ployhart, R. E. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0103 · Cited by 69
Meijerink, J., & Bondarouk, T. V. (2012) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.697480 · Cited by 48
The Value of Scientific Knowledge Dissemination for Scientists—A Value Capture Perspective
Beck, S., Mahdad, M., Beukel, K., & Poetz, M. K. (2019) · Publications · doi:10.3390/publications7030054 · Cited by 48
Maseno, M. K., & Wanyoike, C. (2020) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420676.2020.1755348 · Cited by 48
Petruzzi, R., & Buriak, S. (2018) · Bulletin for international taxation · doi:10.59403/1gh0kxn · Cited by 48
Why Do Business Organizations Participate in Projects? Toward a Typology of Project Value Domains
Žerjav, V. (2021) · Project Management Journal · doi:10.1177/87569728211001663 · Cited by 47
Kasemsap, K. (2014) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6457-9.ch010 · Cited by 47
Social Impact Measurement in Social Entrepreneurial Organizations
Hadad, S., & Găucă, O. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 47
A model for applying lean thinking to value creation
Shamah, R. A. M. (2013) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/20401461311319365 · Cited by 49
Toward a resilient complex adaptive system view of business models
Liu, J., Tong, T. W., & Sinfield, J. (2020) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2020.102030 · Cited by 38
Guest editorial: information technology-enabled supply chain management
Wamba, S. F., Akter, S., Coltman, T. R., & Ngai, E. W. T. (2015) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2014.1002025 · Cited by 47
Property Rights, Owner-Management, and Value Creation
Schulze, W., & Zellweger, T. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0377 · Cited by 46
Yan, T., & Wagner, S. M. (2017) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.05.010 · Cited by 46
Strategic management and regional industrial strategy: cross-fertilization to mutual advantage
Bailey, D., Pitelis, C. N., & Tomlinson, P. R. (2019) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2019.1619927 · Cited by 46
Exploring the alignment between organization designs and value processes over the program lifecycle
Miterev, M., Jerbrant, A., & Feldmann, A. (2020) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.12.003 · Cited by 48
Value creation in entrepreneurial education: towards a unified approach
Jones, C. P. A., Penaluna, K., & Penaluna, A. (2020) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-06-2020-0165 · Cited by 53
Value drivers of blockchain technology: A case study of blockchain-enabled online community
Zheng, Y., & Boh, W. F. (2021) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101563 · Cited by 46
Corruption and SME growth: the roles of institutional networking and financial slack
Adomako, S., Ahsan, M., Amankwah‐Amoah, J., Danso, A., Kesse, K., & Frimpong, K. (2021) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137421000011 · Cited by 46
Social entrepreneurship: creating social value when bridging holes
Kokko, S. (2018) · Social enterprise journal · doi:10.1108/sej-01-2018-0003 · Cited by 25
Daniel, P. A. (2022) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.10.001 · Cited by 46
Cosenz, F., Noto, G., & Cavallo, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3275097 · Cited by 47
Meijerink, J., & Bondarouk, T. V. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.028 · Cited by 45
Kucharska, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12030940 · Cited by 45
Making the Most of What You've Got: Managerial Ability as a Source of Resource Value CreationPreprint
Holcomb, T. R., Holmes, R. M., & Connelly, B. L. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 45
Wikhamn, B. R., & Styhre, A. (2022) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.12537 · Cited by 52
Industry 4.0: a systematic review of legacy manufacturing system digital retrofitting
Alqoud, A., Schaefer, D., & Milisavljevic-Syed, J. (2022) · Manufacturing Review · doi:10.1051/mfreview/2022031 · Cited by 44
Value delivery and value-based pricing in industrial markets
Hinterhuber, A. (2008) · Advances in business marketing & purchasing/Advances in business marketing and purchasing · doi:10.1016/s1069-0964(08)14011-x · Cited by 48
Design-driven innovation: a systematic literature review
Goey, H. D., Hilletofth, P., & Eriksson, L. G. (2018) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-09-2017-0160 · Cited by 44
Unpacking value creation and capture in B2B relationships
Minerbo, C., Kleinaltenkamp, M., & Brito, L. A. L. (2020) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.11.011 · Cited by 56
Big data from customers and non-customers through crowdsourcing, citizen science and crowdfunding
Cappa, F. (2022) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-11-2021-0871 · Cited by 43
Digital service flexibility: a conceptual framework and roadmap for digital business transformation
Khuntia, J., Saldanha, T. J. V., Kathuria, A., & Tanniru, M. R. (2022) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2022.2115410 · Cited by 60
Metadata
- Authors
- Lepak, D. P., Smith, K. G., & Taylor, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 180-194
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2008810867
- Cited by
- 1,489
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 89 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 114.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Service and Product Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Keywords
- value creation, value capture, use value, exchange value, multilevel analysis, competition, reproductive barriers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review