The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 170 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Corrupt Organizations or Organizations of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types of Organization-Level Corruption
Abstract
We focus on two fundamental dimensions of corruption in organizations: (1) whether the individual or the organization is the beneficiary of the corrupt activity and (2) whether the corrupt behavior is undertaken by an individual actor or by two or more actors. We use these dimensions to define a new conceptualization of corruption at the organization level: the organization of corrupt individuals. We contrast this conceptualization with the prevailing concept of organizational corruption and develop propositions that highlight their differences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 45,910
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Simpson, G., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091739 · Cited by 16,462
Gioia, D. A., Mehra, A., & Weick, K. E. (1996) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259169 · Cited by 15,614
Research in Organizational Behavior.
Grimes, A. J., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392975 · Cited by 10,899
Journal of economic literature
Armstrong, J. S. (1996) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/0169-2070(96)88197-0 · Cited by 9,923
Social Identity Theory and the Organization
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4278999 · Cited by 7,671
Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency
Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089195 · Cited by 5,845
Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome.
Currall, S. C., & Organ, D. W. (1988) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393071 · Cited by 5,591
Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems
Daft, R. L., & Weick, K. E. (1984) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258441 · Cited by 5,013
Social psychology: handbook of basic principles
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3595 · Cited by 4,895
Cited by
Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future Research
Brown, M. E., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq201020439 · Cited by 881
Kuenzi, M., Mayer, D. M., & Greenbaum, R. L. (2020) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12356 · Cited by 300
Theorizing and Researching the Dark Side of Organization
Linstead, S., Maréchal, G., & Griffin, R. W. (2014) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840613515402 · Cited by 293
Employee green behaviour: A review and recommendations for future research
Tang, G., Ren, S., Wang, M., Li, Y., & Zhang, S. (2023) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12328 · Cited by 138
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinto, J., Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 685-709
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2142999246
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 170
- FWCI
- 53.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Corrupt Organizations or Organizations of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types of Organization-Level Corruption. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5465/amr.2008.32465726
- The paper
- Pinto, J., Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K. (2008). Corrupt Organizations or Organizations of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types of Organization-Level Corruption. Academy of Management Review. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.32465726
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.