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Reconsidering the Trade-off Between Expertise and Flexibility: a Cognitive Entrenchment Perspective
Abstract
Research suggests that as one acquires domain expertise, one loses flexibility with regard to problem solving, adaptation, and creative idea generation. Here, I reconsider this trade-off between expertise and flexibility by examining the concept of cognitive entrenchment—a high level of stability in one's domain schemas. Proposing that cognitive entrenchment varies not only with expertise but also with one's task environment and attentional focus, I contend that the inflexibility-related limitations of expertise can be circumvented.
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Moldtmann, P., Berk, J., Ryan, S., et al. (2024) · Defence Technology · doi:10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.007 · Cited by 13
“External stimuli have been shown to boost human creativity, possibly providing a means to escape this exploitation-skewed dilemma [45] known as cognitive entrenchment.”
How Product Managers Use Senseshaping to Drive the Front-end of Digital Product Innovation
Nagaraj, V. (2022) · Research-Technology Management · doi:10.1080/08956308.2022.2014718 · Cited by 17
“is available, organizations often remain “entrenched” (Dane 2010) and bound by their “core rigidities” (Leonard-Barton 1992) as they interpret new information using their “dominant logic” (Bettis and Prahalad 1995).”
BackgroundWalter, A., Coviello, N. E., Sienknecht, M., & Ritter, T. (2022) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587221141678 · Cited by 13
“The latter are ‘‘insiders’’ (as per Furr et al., 2012) given they—like the ASO founders—are entrenched in their scientific domain (Dane, 2010; Fern et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBank management expertise and asset securitization policies
Chen, T., Liao, H.-H., & Ye, J.-S. (2019) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.105667 · Cited by 13
Ebrahimi, S., & Matt, C. (2023) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1177/02683962231181148 · Cited by 14
“In addition, experts have well-developed strategies to handle tasks within their domain (Arnold and Sutton, 1998) that they gain through practice, implicit learning, and experiential learning (Dane, 2010).”
Creativity Specialization: Does Diversity in Creative Skills Matter in Team Innovation?
Baruah, J., Burch, G. F., & Burch, J. J. (2022) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/10464964221116635 · Cited by 12
“However, the drawback in such groups is the members’ susceptibility to cognitive entrenchment, which increases the rigidity of linkages within and between schemas, and consequently limits the team’s ability to generate novel combinations (Dane, 2010).”
BackgroundExperience as a double-edged sword: CEO experience and power on breakthrough innovation
Ma, D., & Wu, W. (2024) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-12-2023-2268 · Cited by 11
Lipinski, J., Lester, D. L., & Nicholls, J. (2013) · Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) · doi:10.19030/jabr.v29i2.7660 · Cited by 11
“Entrenchment inhibits an individual’s ability to innovate (Pinard & Allio 2005; Kolb & Kolb 2005; Dane 2010).”
BackgroundGaining Flexibility in Expertise through Executive Education: Tuning Schemas in Design Thinking
Meisiek, S., Beausoleil, A. M., Barry, D., & Dattani, A. (2023) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2021.0392 · Cited by 13
The constraints of habit: craft, repetition, and creativity
Ross, W., & Glăveanu, V. P. (2023) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-023-09902-5 · Cited by 13
“From this perspective, habits are cast as “cognitive entrenchment” and inflexibility (Dane, 2010) and, as such, as a constraint on creative thought by inducing unhelpful fixations (Ibáñez de Aldecoa et al., 2021; Ramírez-Vizcaya & Froese, 2019).”
Dane, E. (2023) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104295 · Cited by 14
Self-citationZhang, J., Qi, G., Wei, K., & Chen, J. (2024) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2024.103947 · Cited by 11
Definitions of Creativity by Kindergarten Stakeholders: An Interview Study Based on Rhodes’ 4P Model
Yeung, J., & Bautista, A. (2024) · Creativity Theories – Research – Applications · doi:10.2478/ctra-2024-0008 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Dane, E.
- Affiliations
- Rice University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dane, Erik
- ORCID
- Dane, Erik
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 579-603
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2058398044
- Cited by
- 603
- References
- 263
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Keywords
- expertise, cognitive flexibility, problem solving, creative idea generation, task environment, attentional focus, cognitive inflexibility
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