Sleep Abnormalities in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Review
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Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a chronic, disabling illness that affects approximately 0.2% of the population. Non-restorative sleep despite sufficient or extended total sleep time is one of the major clinical diagnostic criteria; however, the underlying cause of this symptom is unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature examining sleep in CFS/ME and the issues surrounding the current research findings. Polysomnographic and other objective measures of sleep have observed few differences in sleep parameters between CFS/ME patients and healthy controls, although some discrepancies do exist. This lack of significant objective differences contrasts with the common subjective complaints of disturbed and unrefreshed sleep by CFS/ME patients. The emergence of new, more sensitive techniques that examine the microstructure of sleep are showing promise for detecting differences in sleep between patients and healthy individuals. There is preliminary evidence that alterations in sleep stage transitions and sleep instability, and other physiological mechanisms, such as heart rate variability and altered cortisol profiles, may be evident. Future research investigating the etiology of non-restorative sleep in CFS/ME may also help us to undercover the causes of non-restorative sleep and fatigue in other medical conditions.
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CBT-I is considered the first-line treatment for insomnia and outperforms pharmacological interventions, particularly with respect to maintenance of therapeutic effects at long-term follow-up.
“CBT for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered the first-line treatment for insomnia (557) and outperforms pharmacological interventions, in particular with respect to maintenance of therapeutic effects at long-term follow-up (270, 513).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [270]
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- Authors
- Jackson, M. L., & Bruck, D.
- Affiliations
- Victoria University (AU)
- ORCID
- Jackson, Melinda L.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2012-12-15
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 719-728
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC3501671
- OpenAlex
- W2068851417
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- chronic fatigue syndrome, non-restorative sleep, sleep abnormalities, sleep stage transitions, sleep instability, heart rate variability, cortisol, polysomnography, fatigue, sleep microstructure
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Sleep Wake Disorders, Biomarkers, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Polysomnography, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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