Cited by 57Sleep and related disordersFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Subjective but not actigraphy-defined sleep predicts next-day fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective daily diary study.

Open access
Russell, Charlotte, Wearden, Alison J., Fairclough, Gillian, Emsley, Richard A., Kyle, Simon D.·2016·Sleep

Abstract

This study aimed to (1) examine the relationship between subjective and actigraphy-defined sleep, and next-day fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); and (2) investigate the potential mediating role of negative mood on this relationship. We also sought to examine the effect of presleep arousal on perceptions of sleep. Twenty-seven adults meeting the Oxford criteria for CFS and self-identifying as experiencing sleep difficulties were recruited to take part in a prospective daily diary study, enabling symptom capture in real time over a 6-day period. A paper diary was used to record nightly subjective sleep and presleep arousal. Mood and fatigue symptoms were rated four times each day. Actigraphy was employed to provide objective estimations of sleep duration and continuity. Multilevel modelling revealed that subjective sleep variables, namely sleep quality, efficiency, and perceiving sleep to be unrefreshing, predicted following-day fatigue levels, with poorer subjective sleep related to increased fatigue. Lower subjective sleep efficiency and perceiving sleep as unrefreshing predicted reduced variance in fatigue across the following day. Negative mood on waking partially mediated these relationships. Increased presleep cognitive and somatic arousal predicted self-reported poor sleep. Actigraphy-defined sleep, however, was not found to predict following-day fatigue. For the first time we show that nightly subjective sleep predicts next-day fatigue in CFS and identify important factors driving this relationship. Our data suggest that sleep specific interventions, targeting presleep arousal, perceptions of sleep and negative mood on waking, may improve fatigue in CFS. This is the first study to use a prospective, daily diary approach to repeatedly examine the relationship between nightly subjective and objective sleep parameters and next-day fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). We find that subjective sleep variables, including sleep quality, feeling refreshed on awakening and sleep efficiency, predict greater following-day fatigue, as well as reduced variance in fatigue, and that negative mood on waking partially mediates these relationships. In contrast, objective estimations of sleep did not predict next-day fatigue. Levels of presleep arousal also predicted poorer subjective sleep. Our findings could have important clinical implications, suggesting that the application of sleep-focused therapies in CFS patients may confer therapeutic value.

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Crossref · 10.5665/sleep.5658

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Authors
Russell, C., Wearden, A. J., Fairclough, G., Emsley, R. A., & Kyle, S. D.
Affiliations
  • University of Manchester (GB)
  • Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Russell, Charlotte
Venue
Sleep
Published
2016-04-01
Volume
39
Issue
4
Pages
937-944
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
OpenAlex
W2221760442
Cited by
57
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
FWCI
9.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
chronic fatigue syndrome, subjective sleep, actigraphy, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, negative mood, sleep continuity, sleep interventions
MeSH terms
Affect, Arousal, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Sleep, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Actigraphy, Self Report

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