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Short and Long Sleep Duration Associated with Race/Ethnicity, Sociodemographics, and Socioeconomic Position
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Short and/or long sleep duration are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk and may be differentially experienced among minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. The present study examined nationally representative data along multiple dimensions of race/ ethnicity and socioeconomic status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Survey. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: 2007-2008 NHANES (N = 4,850). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Self-reported sleep duration was classified as very short (< 5 h), short (5-6 h), normative (7-8 h) and long (≥ 9 h). Population-weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses examined race/ ethnicity, country of origin, language, income, education, health insurance, and food security, controlling for all others as well as age, sex, marital-status, and overall self-rated health. Outcome was self-reported sleep duration, relative to normative sleep duration. Blacks/African Americans were more likely than whites to report very short (OR = 2.34, P < 0.001) and short (OR = 1.85, P < 0.001) sleep. Mexican Americans reported less long sleep (OR = 0.36, P = 0.032). Other Hispanics/ Latinos reported more very short sleep (OR = 2.69, P = 0.025). Asians/ Others reported more very short (OR = 3.99, P = 0.002) and short (OR = 2.08, P = 0.002) sleep. Mexico-born adults reported less short sleep (OR = 0.63, P = 0.042). Spanish-only speakers reported less very short sleep (OR = 0.32, P = 0.030). Lower income groups reported more very short sleep versus > $75,000. Compared to college graduates, increased very short sleep was seen among all lower education levels. Those with public insurance reported more very short (OR = 1.67, P = 0.31) and long (OR = 1.83, P = 0.011) sleep versus uninsured. Very low food security was associated with very short (OR = 1.86, P = 0.036) and short (OR = 1.44, P = 0.047) sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Minority status and lower socioeconomic position were associated with shorter self-reported sleep durations.
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“Overall, in the general population, women report shorter sleep duration,150 more sleep symptoms,31 greater rates of insomnia,151 and lower rates of sleep apnea.152”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [150]
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St-Onge, M.-P., Grandner, M. A., Brown, D., Conroy, M. B., Jean-Louis, G., Coons, M., & Bhatt, D. L. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000444 · Cited by 1,044
Self-citationLong sleep duration and health outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Jike, M., Itani, O., Watanabe, N., Buysse, D. J., & Kaneita, Y. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.011 · Cited by 772
Grandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012 · Cited by 720
Self-citationThe Great Sleep Recession: Changes in Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991–2012
Keyes, K. M., Maslowsky, J., Hamilton, A., & Schulenberg, J. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2707 · Cited by 490
Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020 · Cited by 481
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Metadata
- Authors
- Whinnery, J., Jackson, N., Rattanaumpawan, P., & Grandner, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grandner, Michael A.
- Venue
- SLEEP
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-03-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 601-611
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3920327
- OpenAlex
- W2168135789
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 38.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL110216)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022931)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, short sleep duration, long sleep, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health disparities, Black/African American adults, Mexican Americans, Hispanic adults, country of origin, language, income, health insurance, food security, NHANES, cardiometabolic risk, educational attainment, income level
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Income, Insurance, Health, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Sleep, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Marital Status, White People, Asian People, Racial Groups, Young Adult, Self Report
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