Recommendation for pair-wise key-establishment schemes using discrete logarithm cryptography
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This publication has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014, 44 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 113-283.NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems.This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130.Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority.Nor should these guidelines be interpreted as altering
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NIST changed its recommendation in the 3rd revision of SP800-56A and now advocates using a fixed set of safe-prime groups with moduli of length up to 8192 bits, with short or full length exponents.
“NIST changed this recommendation in the 3rd revision of SP800-56A [4], and are now advocating using a fixed set of safe-prime groups with moduli of length up to 8192 bits, with short or full length exponents.”
From How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
An n bit prime order elliptic curve group provides approximately n/2 bits of classical security, whilst RSA-1024, RSA-2048 and RSA-3072 provide approximately 80, 112 and 128 bits of classical security, respectively, according to the model used by NIST.
“Note that an n bit prime order elliptic curve group provides approximately n/ 2 bits of classical security (see Appendix D to [4]), since the best classical attacks are cycle-finding attacks, whilst RSA-1024, RSA-2048 and RSA-3072 provide approximately 80 , 112 and 128 bits of classical security, respectively, according to the model used by NIST (see Appendix D to [5]).”
From How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Section 5.7.2.3: Clarified error handling in step 3. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-56Ar3 47. Section 6.2.1.1-6.2.1.4: Clarified error handling. 48. Section 6.2.2: Modified the first assumption to refer to Section 5.5.1 for the domain parameter information. Now refer to Section 5.9.3 for the minimum MacKey and Mac tag lengths. 49. Section 6.2.2.1-6.2.2.2: Clarified error handling. · DOI
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- Authors
- Barker, E., Chen, L., Roginsky, A., Vassilev, A., & Davis, R.
- Affiliations
- Information Technology Laboratory (US)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Published
- 2018-04
- OpenAlex
- W4298016935
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 3
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Funders
- Information Technology Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptography and Data Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic
- Keywords
- pairwise key establishment, key exchange, public-key cryptography, cryptographic standards, digital signatures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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