Cited by 178EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningSecond Language Acquisition and LearningEnglish Language Learning and Teaching

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Eye tracking as a measure of noticing: A study of explicit recasts in SCMC

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Smith, Bryan·2012·Language Learning & Technology

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Abstract

This study investigated whether eye-tracking technology could be employed as a measure of noticing of corrective feedback (in the form of explicit recasts) during NS-NNS taskbased synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC).Pairs of university-level learners of English (n = 18) engaged in a short chat interaction task with a native speaker, who provided intensive and explicit corrective recasts.Participants' eye gaze record was compared to that from a stimulated recall.Noticing events (increased visual attention) were compiled and compared from each technique to determine whether these two techniques yielded similar data.Noticing events from each technique were also compared to results of immediate and delayed post tests of the targeted items.Results confirm the strength of both measures as methods for measuring what learners notice in the corrective feedback during SCMC.Further, the eye tracking and stimulated recall data also suggest that although learners engage in similar amounts of viewing activity across recasts targeting various linguistic categories, they are able to notice semantic and syntactic targets more easily than morphological targets.Results are discussed in terms of eye tracking as a potentially valuable tool in exploring the nature of noticing in instructed SLA and also in terms of argued benefits of CMC for language learning.

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Authors: Smith, B.
Corresponding author: Smith, Bryan
Venue: Language Learning & Technology
Publisher: National Foreign Language Resource Center
Published: 2012-10-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 53-81
ISSN: 1094-3501 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.64152/10125/44300
OpenAlex: W2169642153
Cited by: 177
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 57.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Language learning & technology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) (submittedVersion)
Language learning & technology (cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Social Sciences › Education › English Language Learning and Teaching
Keywords: noticing, corrective feedback, eye tracking, synchronous computer-mediated communication, task-based language learning, stimulated recall, second language acquisition, chat interaction

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Eye tracking as a measure of noticing: A study of explicit recasts in SCMC

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