The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that are involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types of cells or tissues to realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases the local concentration of therapeutics and minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review of exosomes engineering through genetic and chemical methods for targeted drug delivery. Although still in its infancy, exosome-mediated drug delivery boasts low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and high engineerability, and holds promise for cell-free therapies for a wide range of diseases.
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“Two main approaches can be used to enhance the targeting ability of exosomes for specific applications: direct modification of exosomes by chemical means or, indirect manipulation of the donor cells through genetic engineering techniques [89, 103, 118–120]”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“Unlike synthetic nanocarriers such as liposomes or polymer-based systems, exosomes are less likely to trigger adverse reactions, making them a safer option for therapeutic applications [26].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Exosomes can deliver small molecules to targeted cells or tissues for targeted therapy and improve therapy accuracy and efficacy [26].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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Cites
1 retracted
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RetractedThéry, C., Witwer, K. W., Aikawa, E., Alcaraz, M. J., Anderson, J. D., Andriantsitohaina, R., Antoniou, A., Arab, T., Archer, F., Atkin‐Smith, G. K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750 · Cited by 11,099
The biology , function , and biomedical applications of exosomes
Kalluri, R., & LeBleu, V. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau6977 · Cited by 10,770
Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes
Alvarez-Erviti, L., Seow, Y., Yin, H., Betts, C., Lakhal, S., & Wood, M. J. A. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1807 · Cited by 4,930
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Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes
Trajković, K., Hsu, C., Chiantia, S., Rajendran, L., Wenzel, D., Wieland, F., Schwille, P., Brügger, B., & Simons, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1153124 · Cited by 3,760
Reassessment of exosome composition
Jeppesen, D. K., Fenix, A. M., Franklin, J. L., Higginbotham, J. N., Zhang, Q., Zimmerman, L. J., Liebler, D. C., Ping, J., Liu, Q., Evans, R., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.029 · Cited by 2,975
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Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake
Mulcahy, L. A., Pink, R. C., & Carter, D. R. F. (2014) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v3.24641 · Cited by 2,832
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Pisitkun, T., Shen, R., & Knepper, M. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403453101 · Cited by 2,162
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Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions
Adepu, S., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26195905 · Cited by 1,691
Huang, Y., Guo, X., Wu, Y., Chen, X., Feng, L., Xie, N., & Shen, G. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01745-z · Cited by 537
Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and therapeutic strategy
Wang, Q., Shao, X., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Wang, F. X. C., Mu, J., Li, J., Yao, H., & Chen, K. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5698 · Cited by 499
Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications
Mondal, J., Pillarisetti, S., Junnuthula, V., Saha, M., Hwang, S. R., Park, I.-K., & Lee, Y.-K. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.027 · Cited by 416
Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, Y., Duan, L., Lu, J., & Xia, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center (CN)
- Shenzhen KangNing Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Jianping
- Xia, Jiang
- Venue
- Theranostics
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3183-3195
- ISSN
- 1838-7640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7847680
- OpenAlex
- W3120452655
- Cited by
- 1,547
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 284 · 2025: 375 · 2024: 350 · 2023: 293 · 2022: 194 · 2021: 51
- FWCI
- 70.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Theranostics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, exosome engineering, targeted drug delivery, cell-free therapy, nanovesicles, nucleic acid delivery, small molecule delivery, immunogenicity, toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Membranes, Protein Engineering, Drug Delivery Systems, Exosomes
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