Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes)
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Vesicles are released during the in vitro culture of sheep reticulocytes which can be harvested by centrifugation at 100,000 X g for 90 min. These vesicles contain a number of activities, characteristic of the reticulocyte plasma membrane, which are known to diminish or disappear upon reticulocyte maturation. The activities include acetylcholinesterase, cytochalasin B binding (glucose transporter) nucleoside binding (i.e. nucleoside transporter), Na+-independent amino acid transport, and the transferrin receptor. Enzymes of cytosolic origin are not detectable or are present at low activity in the vesicles. Cultures of whole blood, mature red cells, or white cells do not yield comparable levels of these activities, supporting the conclusion that the activities arise from the reticulocytes. In addition, the lipid composition of the vesicles shows the high sphingomyelin content characteristic of sheep red cell plasma membranes, but not white cell or platelet membranes, also consistent with the conclusion that the vesicles are of reticulocyte origin. It is suggested that vesicle externalization may be a mechanism for shedding of specific membrane functions which are known to diminish during maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes.
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Exosomes range between 30-100 nm in diameter, have a bilayered membrane, and express CD63.
“Exosomes range between 30–100 nm in diameter, have a bilayered membrane (Johnstone et al., 1987) and express surface marker such as CD63 (Christianson et al., 2013).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Johnstone et al., 1987
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Production and characterization of clinical grade exosomes derived from dendritic cells
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Intestinal epithelial cells secrete exosome–like vesicles
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Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis
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Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases
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Exosome biogenesis: machinery, regulation, and therapeutic implications in cancer
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“Since they were first visualized and described in the 1980s [2, 3], especially in the last 10 years, the field of exosome research has developed rapidly.”
BackgroundLipid raft-associated protein sorting in exosomes
Gassart, A. D., Géminard, C., Février, B., Raposo, G., & Vidal, M. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-03-0871 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
The role of extracellular vesicles in cancer
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Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment
Maia, J., Caja, S., Moraes, M. C. S., Couto, N., & Costa‐Silva, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2018.00018 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Interaction and uptake of exosomes by ovarian cancer cells
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Gould, S. J., Booth, A. M., & Hildreth, J. E. K. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1831413100 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Methods of isolating extracellular vesicles impact down-stream analyses of their cargoes
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Kou, M., Huang, L., Yang, J., Chiang, Z., Chen, S., Liu, J., Guo, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Xu, X. M., et al. (2022) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x · Cited by 655 · see citing works
“Exosomes were first discovered in 1983 in sheep reticulocytes and were named “Exosomes” by Johnstone in 1987 [30].”
BackgroundExosome lipidomics unravels lipid sorting at the level of multivesicular bodies
Subra, C., Laulagnier, K., Perret, B., & Record, M. (2006) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.014 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Toro, J. D., Herschlik, L., Waldner, C., & Mongini, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00203 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development
Lai, J. J., Chau, Z. L., Chen, S., Hill, J. J., Korpany, K. V., Liang, N., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Liu, J. K., Liu, Y., et al. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202103222 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Applications in Regenerative Medicine
Hade, M. D., Suire, C. N., & Suo, Z. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081959 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics
Tenchov, R., Sasso, J. M., Wang, X., Liaw, W., Chen, C., & Zhou, Q. A. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c08774 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
TCR Activation of Human T Cells Induces the Production of Exosomes Bearing the TCR/CD3/ζ Complex
Blanchard, N., Lankar, D., Faure, F., Regnault, A., Dumont, C., Raposo, G., & Hivroz, C. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3235 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers
Boukouris, S., & Mathivanan, S. (2015) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201400114 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Bobrie, A., Colombo, M., Krumeich, S., Raposo, G., & Théry, C. (2012) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v1i0.18397 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
A brief history of nearly EV‐erything – The rise and rise of extracellular vesicles
Couch, Y., Buzás, E. I., Vizio, D. D., Gho, Y. S., Harrison, P., Hill, A. F., Lötvall, J. O., Raposo, G., Stahl, P. D., Théry, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12144 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
“Later, Rose Johnstone used the term ‘exosome’ to describe vesicles released following the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane (Johnstone et al., 1987), and this has become ISEV’s recommended term for this type of vesicle (Théry et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodCell-Cell Communication between Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells via Exosome-like Vesicles
Regev‐Rudzki, N., Wilson, D. W., Carvalho, T. G., Sisquella, X., Coleman, B. M., Rug, M., Bursac, D., Angrisano, F., Gee, M. L., Hill, A. F., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.029 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
The biology, function, and applications of exosomes in cancer
Liu, J., Ren, L., Li, S., Li, W., Zheng, X., Yang, Y., Fu, W., Yi, J., Wang, J., & Du, G. (2021) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.001 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for diabetes mellitus
Guay, C., & Regazzi, R. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.86 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Exosomes: immune properties and potential clinical implementations
Chaput, N., & Théry, C. (2010) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-010-0233-9 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Fader, C. M., Sánchez, D. G., Mestre, M. B., & Colombo, M. I. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.09.011 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Witwer, K. W., & Théry, C. (2019) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2019.1648167 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Ha, D. H., Kim, H.-K., Lee, J., Kwon, H. H., Park, G., Yang, S. H., Jung, J. Y., Choi, H., Lee, J. H., Sung, S., et al. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9051157 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors
Record, M., Subra, C., Silvente‐Poirot, S., & Poirot, M. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.011 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Exosomes: Small vesicles participating in intercellular communication
Ludwig, A., & Giebel, B. (2011) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.005 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification Is Mediated by Regulated Exosome Secretion
Kapustin, A. N., Chatrou, M. L. L., Drozdov, I., Zheng, Y., Davidson, S. M., Soong, D., Furmanik, M., Sanchis, P., De Rosales, R. T. M., Alvarez-Hernandez, D., et al. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.305012 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Exosomes: From Garbage Bins to Promising Therapeutic Targets
Rashed, M. H., Bayraktar, E., Helal, G. K., Abd‐Ellah, M. F., Amero, P., Chávez‐Reyes, A., & Rodriguez‐Aguayo, C. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18030538 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification
Chen, J., Li, P., Zhang, T., Xu, Z., Huang, X., Wang, R., & Du, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.811971 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
“…membrane will further develop multiple depressions, encapsulating parts of the cytoplasm and some substances (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins from Golgi and cell nucleus), thereby generating intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) (Keller et al., 2006; Théry, 2011; Clark et al., 2015; Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020).”
BackgroundExtracellular vesicles: masters of intercellular communication and potential clinical interventions
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Proteomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics of exosomes and ectosomes
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Rab11 Promotes Docking and Fusion of Multivesicular Bodies in a Calcium‐Dependent Manner
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Exosomes: New players in cell–cell communication
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- Authors
- Johnstone, R. M., Adam, M., Hammond, J. R., Orr, L., & Turbide, C.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-07
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 9412-9420
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1915536483
- Semantic Scholar
- 9e8f5a8482d60e384e3dcd94080a64e9f387e3ae
- Cited by
- 2,931
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 132 · 2025: 231 · 2024: 281 · 2023: 285 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 276 · 2019: 197 · 2018: 157 · 2017: 134 · 2016: 131 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Keywords
- reticulocyte maturation, exosomes, vesicle formation, membrane shedding, acetylcholinesterase, glucose transporters, nucleoside transporters, amino acid transport, transferrin receptor, sphingomyelin, sheep red blood cells, membrane lipid composition
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Amino Acids, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Membrane, Cells, Cultured, Cytochalasin B, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases, Leucine, Membrane Proteins, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Receptors, Transferrin, Reticulocytes, Sheep, Sodium, Thioinosine, Nucleoside Transport Proteins
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