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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that are involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types of cells or tissues to realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases the local concentration of therapeutics and minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review of exosomes engineering through genetic and chemical methods for targeted drug delivery. Although still in its infancy, exosome-mediated drug delivery boasts low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and high engineerability, and holds promise for cell-free therapies for a wide range of diseases.
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“Two main approaches can be used to enhance the targeting ability of exosomes for specific applications: direct modification of exosomes by chemical means or, indirect manipulation of the donor cells through genetic engineering techniques [89, 103, 118–120]”
From Exosome for mRNA delivery: Strategies and therapeutic applications (2024) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“Unlike synthetic nanocarriers such as liposomes or polymer-based systems, exosomes are less likely to trigger adverse reactions, making them a safer option for therapeutic applications [26].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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“Exosomes can deliver small molecules to targeted cells or tissues for targeted therapy and improve therapy accuracy and efficacy [26].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, Y., Duan, L., Lu, J., & Xia, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center (CN)
- Shenzhen KangNing Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Jianping
- Xia, Jiang
- Venue
- Theranostics
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3183-3195
- ISSN
- 1838-7640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7847680
- OpenAlex
- W3120452655
- Cited by
- 1,547
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 284 · 2025: 375 · 2024: 350 · 2023: 293 · 2022: 194 · 2021: 51
- FWCI
- 70.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Theranostics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, exosome engineering, targeted drug delivery, cell-free therapy, nanovesicles, nucleic acid delivery, small molecule delivery, immunogenicity, toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Membranes, Protein Engineering, Drug Delivery Systems, Exosomes
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