The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor

Workforce Diversity and Inequality: Power, Status, and Numbers

DiTomaso, N., Post, C. A., & Parks-Yancy, R. (2007) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131805 · Cited by 498

Strategy Practice and Strategy Process: Family Differences and the Sociological Eye

Whittington, R. (2007) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840607081557 · Cited by 485

Counting, Control and Calculation: Reflections on Measuring and Management

Power, M. (2004) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726704044955 · Cited by 487

Opening Strategy: Evolution of a Precarious Profession

Whittington, R., Cailluet, L., & Yakis‐Douglas, B. (2011) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00762.x · Cited by 458

Expert Power and Control in Late Modernity: An Empirical Review and Theoretical Synthesis

Reed, M. (1996) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/017084069601700402 · Cited by 434

Professions and Institutional Change: Towards an Institutionalist Sociology of the Professions

Muzio, D., Brock, D., & Suddaby, R. (2013) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12030 · Cited by 450

Fear of Exploitation and Fear of Contamination: Impediments to Knowledge Transfer in Mergers between Professional Service Firms

Empson, L. (2001) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726701547003 · Cited by 442

The Euro Crisis’ Theory Effect: Northern Saints, Southern Sinners, and the Demise of the Eurobond

Matthijs, M., & McNamara, K. R. (2015) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2014.990137 · Cited by 444

Interlevel Influences on the Reconstruction of Professional Role Identity

Chreim, S., Williams, B. E. (., & Hinings, C. R. (. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.28226248 · Cited by 443

Boundaryless Careers: Bringing Back Boundaries

Inkson, K., Gunz, H. P., Ganesh, S., & Roper, J. (2012) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840611435600 · Cited by 441

Buildings don't use energy: people do

Janda, K. B. (2011) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.3763/asre.2009.0050 · Cited by 440

Eastern Europe as a Laboratory for Economic Knowledge: The Transnational Roots of Neoliberalism

Bockman, J. K., & Eyal, G. (2002) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/344411 · Cited by 434

Organizational Dress as a Symbol of Multilayered Social Identities

Pratt, M. G., & Rafaeli, A. (1997) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256951 · Cited by 434

THE NPM AGENDA: BACK TO THE FUTURE

Lapsley, I. (2008) · Financial Accountability and Management · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0408.2008.00444.x · Cited by 433

Boundary Work among Groups, Occupations, and Organizations: From Cartography to Process

Langley, A., Lindberg, K., Mørk, B. E., Nicolini, D., Raviola, E., & Walter, L. (2019) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2017.0089 · Cited by 480

Reconfiguring Boundary Relations: Robotic Innovations in Pharmacy Work

Barrett, M. I., Oborn, E., Orlikowski, W. J., & Yates, J. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0639 · Cited by 456

`Two-Way Windows': Clinicians as Medical Managers

Llewellyn, S. (2001) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840601224003 · Cited by 419

Contexts of uninhibited online behavior: Flaming in social newsgroups on usenet

Kayany, J. M. (1998) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(1998)49:12 · Cited by 146

Sieve, Incubator, Temple, Hub: Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education

Stevens, M. L., Armstrong, E. A., & Arum, R. (2008) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134737 · Cited by 415

HYBRID MANAGER–PROFESSIONALS' IDENTITY WORK: THE MAINTENANCE AND HYBRIDIZATION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM IN MANAGERIAL CONTEXTS

McGivern, G., Currie, G., Ferlie, E. B., Fitzgerald, L., & Waring, J. J. (2015) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.12119 · Cited by 410

The Recursivity of Law: Global Norm Making and National Lawmaking in the Globalization of Corporate Insolvency Regimes

Halliday, T. C., & Carruthers, B. G. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/507855 · Cited by 408

The End of Class Politics?

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The Multiple Bodies of the Medical Record: Toward a Sociology of an Artifact

Berg, M., & Bowker, G. C. (1997) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb00490.x · Cited by 402

Can Class Analysis Be Salvaged?

Grusky, D. B., & Sørensen, J. B. (1998) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/231351 · Cited by 402

Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods

Howard, P. N. (2002) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/146144402321466813 · Cited by 401

Managing Expert Knowledge: Organizational Challenges and Managerial Futures for the UK Medical Profession

Waring, J. J., & Currie, G. (2009) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840609104819 · Cited by 399

Approaches to Class Analysis

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Caveat Emptor: The Construction of Nonprofit Consumer Watchdog Organizations

Rao, H. (1998) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/231293 · Cited by 562

Institutional Work to Maintain Professional Power: Recreating the Model of Medical Professionalism

Currie, G., Lockett, A., Finn, R., Martin, G., & Waring, J. (2012) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840612445116 · Cited by 448

Science and the diffusion of knowledge

Sorenson, O., & Fleming, L. (2004) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.09.008 · Cited by 394

Field or Fields? Building the Scaffolding for Cumulation of Research on Institutional Fields

Zietsma, C., Groenewegen, P., Logue, D. M., & Hinings, C. R. (2017) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2014.0052 · Cited by 411

Cross-Boundary Teaming for Innovation: Integrating Research on Teams and Knowledge in Organizations

Edmondson, A. C., & Harvey, J. (2017) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.03.002 · Cited by 458

Institutions, Veto Points, and Policy Results: A Comparative Analysis of Health Care

Immergut, E. M. (1990) · Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.1017/s0143814x00006061 · Cited by 381

Algorithms in practice: Comparing web journalism and criminal justice

Christin, A. (2017) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951717718855 · Cited by 379

Organizational Roles and Transition to Entrepreneurship

Dobrev, S. D., & Barnett, W. P. (2005) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2005.17407910 · Cited by 375

Ties That Last

Dahlander, L., & McFarland, D. A. (2013) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839212474272 · Cited by 369

Relationships of power: implications for interprofessional education

Baker, L. R., Egan‐Lee, E., Martimianakis, M. A., & Reeves, S. (2010) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.3109/13561820.2010.505350 · Cited by 367

Interprofessional collaboration in primary health care: a review of facilitators and barriers perceived by involved actors

Supper, I., Catala, O., Lustman, M., Chemla, C., Bourgueil, Y., & Letrilliart, L. (2014) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdu102 · Cited by 413

IS AI GROUND TRUTH REALLY TRUE? THE DANGERS OF TRAINING AND EVALUATING AI TOOLS BASED ON EXPERTS’ KNOW-WHAT.

Lebovitz, S., Levina, N., & Lifshitz-Assaf, H. (2021) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2021/16564 · Cited by 49

The (Mis)Framing of Social Justice: Why Ideologies of Depoliticization and Meritocracy Hinder Engineers’ Ability to Think About Social Injustices

Cech, E. A. (2013) · Philosophy of engineering and technology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6350-0_4 · Cited by 361

Not by Productivity Alone: How Visibility and Specialization Contribute to Academic Earnings

Leahey, E. (2007) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240707200403 · Cited by 356

The Modern State and the Primitive Accumulation of Symbolic Power

Loveman, M. (2005) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/428688 · Cited by 382

Mobilizing the Logic of Managerialism in Professional Fields: The Case of Academic Health Centre Mergers

Kitchener, M. (2002) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840602233004 · Cited by 368

Evaluating the Audit Explosion

Power, M. (2003) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.2003.00147.x · Cited by 348

The Changing Roles of Personnel Managers: Old Ambiguities, New Uncertainties

Caldwell, R. (2003) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00367 · Cited by 362

The Determinants of Career Intent Among Physicians at a U.S. Air Force Hospital

Kim, S.-W., Price, J. L., Mueller, C. W., & Watson, T. W. (1996) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679604900704 · Cited by 343

Risky Business: How Professionals and Professional Fields (Must) Deal with Organizational Issues

Noordegraaf, M. (2011) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840611416748 · Cited by 342

Interdisciplinary practice – a matter of teamwork: an integrated literature review

McCallin, A. M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2001.00495.x · Cited by 341

DISCIPLINING THE PROFESSIONAL: THE CASE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT*

Hodgson, D. E. (2002) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00312 · Cited by 341

Short Note: The Sociology of Professional Groups

Evetts, J. (2006) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392106057161 · Cited by 348

How work ideologies shape the psychological contracts of professional employees: doctors' responses to perceived breach

Bunderson, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.112 · Cited by 335

THE ALGORITHMS BEHIND THE HEADLINES

van Dalen, A. (2012) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.667268 · Cited by 330

WHERE DO WE STAND? COMMON MECHANISMS IN ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS RESEARCH

Campbell, J. L. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791000.004 · Cited by 331

Colonizing Knowledge: Commodification as a Dynamic of Jurisdictional Expansion in Professional Service Firms

Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. (2001) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726701547007 · Cited by 329

Enterprise Resource Planning systems and accountants: towards hybridization?

Caglio, A. (2003) · European Accounting Review · doi:10.1080/0963818031000087853 · Cited by 363

The real type and ideal type of transdisciplinary processes: part I—theoretical foundations

Scholz, R. W., & Steiner, G. (2015) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-015-0326-4 · Cited by 325

Emotion as a Connection of Physical Artifacts and Organizations

Rafaeli, A., & Vilnai‐Yavetz, I. (2004) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1040.0083 · Cited by 317

The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry

Carpenter, D. P. (2019) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-7611683 · Cited by 323

Systemic inequalities for LGBTQ professionals in STEM

Cech, E. A., & Waidzunas, T. J. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe0933 · Cited by 350

Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries at NASA: The Critical Role of Professional Identity in Open Innovation

Lifshitz‐Assaf, H. (2017) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839217747876 · Cited by 362

The Case of Sustainability Assurance: Constructing a New Assurance Service *

O’Dwyer, B. (2011) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01108.x · Cited by 321

Professionalism as Enterprise: Service Class Politics and the Redefinition of Professionalism

Hanlon, G. (1998) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038598032001004 · Cited by 318

The Glass Slipper: 'Incorporating' Occupational Identity in Management Studies

Ashcraft, K. L. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0219 · Cited by 327

Formal and Informal Hierarchy in Different Types of Organization

Diefenbach, T., & Sillince, J. A. A. (2011) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840611421254 · Cited by 350

New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen

Howard, P. N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615986 · Cited by 312

Rebels with a Cause: Formation, Contestation, and Expansion of the De Novo Category “Modern Architecture,” 1870–1975

Jones, C., Maoret, M., Massa, F. G., & Svejenova, S. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0701 · Cited by 305

Being a Successful Professional: An Exploration of Who Makes Partner in the Big 4

Carter, C., & Spence, C. W. (2013) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12059 · Cited by 302

Fair value accounting, financial economics and the transformation of reliability

Power, M. (2010) · Accounting and Business Research · doi:10.1080/00014788.2010.9663394 · Cited by 302

Who are these Guys?

Singer, J. B. (2003) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/146488490342001 · Cited by 299

An Institutional Theory of Organizational Communication

Lammers, J. C., & Barbour, J. B. (2006) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00274.x · Cited by 298

Rethinking the concept of professionalism: the case of journalism

Aldridge, M., & Evetts, J. (2003) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1080/0007131032000143582 · Cited by 298

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN SAUDI ARABIA: AN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE

Al–Twaijry, A. A. M., Brierley, J. A., & Gwilliam, D. R. (2003) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/s1045-2354(02)00158-2 · Cited by 298

Conversation Analysis and the Professional Stocks of Interactional Knowledge

Peräkylä, A., & Vehvil�inen, S. (2003) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/09579265030146003 · Cited by 295

Action formation and its epistemic (and other) backgrounds

Heritage, J. (2013) · Discourse Studies · doi:10.1177/1461445613501449 · Cited by 290

Dirty Work and Dirtier Work: Differences in Countering Physical, Social, and Moral Stigma

Ashforth, B. E., & Kreiner, G. E. (2013) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1111/more.12044 · Cited by 328

The Institutionalization of Social Investment: The Interplay of Investment Logics and Investor Rationalities

Nicholls, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420671003701257 · Cited by 289

How are management fashions institutionalized? The role of institutional work

Perkmann, M., & Spicer, A. (2008) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726708092406 · Cited by 288

Keywords and Cultural Change: Frame Analysis of Business Model Public Talk, 1975–2000

Ghaziani, A., & Ventresca, M. J. (2005) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1007/s11206-005-9057-0 · Cited by 287

Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

Beane, M. (2019) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839217751692 · Cited by 286

Research data management and libraries: Current activities and future priorities

Cox, A. M., & Pinfield, S. (2013) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/0961000613492542 · Cited by 284

Big Data and Journalism

Lewis, S., & Westlund, O. (2015) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.976418 · Cited by 211

Mapping the journalism–blogging relationship

Lowrey, W. (2006) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/1464884906068363 · Cited by 280

Distributing Leadership in Health and Social Care: Concertive, Conjoint or Collective?

Currie, G., & Lockett, A. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00308.x · Cited by 290

The Nursing-Medical Boundary: a Negotiated Order?

Allen, D. A. (1997) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.1997.tb00415.x · Cited by 316

Professions in a globalizing world: Towards a transnational sociology of the professions

Faulconbridge, J., & Muzio, D. (2011) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/0268580911423059 · Cited by 306

Organizational professionalism in globalizing law firms

Faulconbridge, J., & Muzio, D. (2008) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017007087413 · Cited by 286

Heterogeneity in Professional Service Firms

Malhotra, N., & Morris, T. (2009) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00826.x · Cited by 272

New Directions in the Study of Institutional Logics: From Tools to Phenomena

Lounsbury, M. D., Steele, C. W. J., Wang, M. S., & Toubiana, M. (2021) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090320-111734 · Cited by 281

Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behaviour in Healthcare: A Micro‐Level Investigation of Direct and Indirect Effects

Radaelli, G., Lettieri, E., Mura, M., & Spiller, N. (2014) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12084 · Cited by 280

Are teamwork and professional autonomy compatible, and do they result in improved hospital care?

Rafferty, A. M., Ball, J., & Aiken, L. H. (2001) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1136/qhc.0100032 · Cited by 262

No child, no school, no state left behind: schooling in the age of accountability 1

Hopmann, S. (2008) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220270801989818 · Cited by 265

Producing the Climate: States, Scientists, and the Constitution of Global Governance Objects

Allan, B. B. (2016) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818316000321 · Cited by 162

Combined Effects Of Organizational And Professional Identification On The Reciprocity Dynamic For Professional Employees

Hekman, D. R., Bigley, G. A., Steensma, H. K., & Hereford, J. F. (2009) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2009.41330897 · Cited by 269

The Role of Networks In the Diffusion of Technological Innovation*

Robertson, M., Swan, J., & Newell, S. (1996) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1996.tb00805.x · Cited by 261

Introduction: Professions and organizations - a conceptual framework

Muzio, D., & Kirkpatrick, I. (2011) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392111402584 · Cited by 261

The Causal Devolution

Abbott, A. (1998) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124198027002002 · Cited by 261

The paradoxical processes of feminization in the professions: the case of established, aspiring and semi-professions

Bolton, S. C., & Muzio, D. (2008) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017008089105 · Cited by 257

Uncertainty, Risk, and the Financial Crisis of 2008

Nelson, S. C., & Katzenstein, P. J. (2014) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818313000416 · Cited by 272

The Wizards of Oz: Towards an Institutional Approach to Elites, Expertise and Command Posts

Zald, M. N., & Lounsbury, M. D. (2010) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840610373201 · Cited by 257

Science or Science Fiction? Professionals’ Discursive Construction of Climate Change

Lefsrud, L., & Meyer, R. E. (2012) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840612463317 · Cited by 273

The System

Lingis, A. (2018) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226557090.003.0018

8. Systemizing

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Being Professional

Nygreen, K. (2013) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226031736.003.0003

The Occupational System

Hatch, E. (1991) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/california/9780520074729.003.0003

CHAPTER IX. System

Olney, J. (1980) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520332706-013