A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV‐related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come?
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Introduction: HIV‐related stigma and discrimination continue to hamper efforts to prevent new infections and engage people in HIV treatment, care and support programmes. The identification of effective interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination that can be integrated into national responses is crucial to the success of the global AIDS response. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies and reports that assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination between 1 January 2002 and 1 March 2013. Databases searched for peer‐reviewed articles included PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Host –CINAHL Plus, Psycinfo, Ovid, Sociofile and Popline. Reports were obtained from the www.HIVAIDSClearinghouse.eu, USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse, UNESCO HIV and AIDS Education Clearinghouse, Google, WHO and UNAIDS. Ancestry searches for articles included in the systematic review were also conducted. Studies of any design that sought to reduce stigma as a primary or secondary objective and included pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of stigma were included. Results: Of 2368 peer‐reviewed articles and reports identified, 48 were included in our review representing 14 different target populations in 28 countries. The majority of interventions utilized two or more strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination, and ten included structural or biomedical components. However, most interventions targeted a single socio‐ecological level and a single domain of stigma. Outcome measures lacked uniformity and validity, making both interpretation and comparison of study results difficult. While the majority of studies were effective at reducing the aspects of stigma they measured, none assessed the influence of stigma or discrimination reduction on HIV‐related health outcomes. Conclusions: Our review revealed considerable progress in the stigma‐reduction field. However, critical challenges and gaps remain which are impeding the identification of effective stigma‐reduction strategies that can be implemented by national governments on a larger scale. The development, validation, and consistent use of globally relevant scales of stigma and discrimination are a critical next step for advancing the field of research in this area. Studies comparing the effectiveness of different stigma‐reduction strategies and studies assessing the influence of stigma reduction on key behavioural and biomedical outcomes are also needed to maximize biomedical prevention efforts.
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Research on infectious disease stigma has focused on those infected or most vulnerable to infection.
“Research on infectious disease stigma has focused on those infected or most vulnerable to infection (e.g., anticipated HIV stigma among gay and bisexual men) [55].”
From Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
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- [19]Stangl A Go V Zelaya C Brady L Nyblade L Stackpool-Moore L Enabling the scale-up of efforts to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination: a new framework to inform program implementation and measurement 2010 7 18–23 Vienna XVIII International AIDS Conference
- [114]Apinundecha C Laohasiriwong W Cameron MP Lim S A community participation intervention to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast Thailand AIDS Care. 2007 19 9 1157 65 18058400
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- Authors
- Stangl, A. L., Lloyd, J. K., Brady, L. M., Holland, C. E., & Baral, S.
- Affiliations
- International Center for Research on Women (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stangl, Anne L
- Venue
- Journal of the International AIDS Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3S2
- Pages
- 18734-18734
- ISSN
- 1758-2652 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3833106
- OpenAlex
- W2038136417
- Cited by
- 698
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International AIDS Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department for International Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Keywords
- HIV stigma, HIV discrimination, stigma reduction interventions, HIV prevention, HIV treatment engagement, stigma measurement scale, biomedical HIV prevention
- MeSH terms
- Discrimination, Psychological, Humans, HIV Infections, Social Stigma
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