Multi-species, multi-transcription factor binding highlights conserved control of tissue-specific biological pathways
Open accessAbstract
As exome sequencing gives way to genome sequencing, the need to interpret the function of regulatory DNA becomes increasingly important. To test whether evolutionary conservation of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) gives insight into human gene regulation, we determined transcription factor (TF) binding locations of four liver-essential TFs in liver tissue from human, macaque, mouse, rat, and dog. Approximately, two thirds of the TF-bound regions fell into CRMs. Less than half of the human CRMs were found as a CRM in the orthologous region of a second species. Shared CRMs were associated with liver pathways and disease loci identified by genome-wide association studies. Recurrent rare human disease causing mutations at the promoters of several blood coagulation and lipid metabolism genes were also identified within CRMs shared in multiple species. This suggests that multi-species analyses of experimentally determined combinatorial TF binding will help identify genomic regions critical for tissue-specific gene control.
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SCENIC+ eGRNs were validated using publicly available Hi-C data and TF ChIP-seq.
“Furthermore, we validated the SCENIC+ eGRNs using publicly available Hi-C data28 and TF chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP–seq)29 (Extended Data Fig. 4a–e).”
From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Predicted binding sites for HNF4A, CEBPA, FOXA1 and ONECUT1 show specific ChIP-seq signals when centring the regions on the predicted binding sites.
“To validate the predicted binding sites, we compared our predictions with previously published ChIP–seq data for HNF4A, CEBPA, FOXA1 and ONECUT129, finding specific signals for the corresponding TFs when centring the regions on the predicted binding sites (Extended Data Fig. 8d).”
From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Predicted binding hits were validated using ChIP-seq data for HNF4A, ONECUT1, CEBPA and FOXA1.
“To validate the predicted binding hits, we used the ChIP–seq data for HNF4A, ONECUT1, CEBPA and FOXA129, as described for the SCENIC+ eRegulons.”
From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
eRegulons were validated using publicly available Hi-C and ChIP-seq data.
“To validate these eRegulons, we used publicly available Hi-C and ChIP–seq data28,29.”
From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
SCENIC+ eGRNs were validated using publicly available Hi-C data and TF ChIP-seq, and transcriptome prediction using SCENIC+ TFs as features is more accurate compared to random.
“we validated the SCENIC+ eGRNs using publicly available Hi-C data50 and TF ChIP-seq51, and found that transcriptome prediction using SCENIC+ TFs as features is more accurate compared to random (see Methods, p-value < 2.2 x 10-16”
From Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Comparison with previously published ChIP-seq data for Hnf4a, Cebpa, Foxa1 and Onecut1 found specific signal for the corresponding TF when centering regions on the predicted binding site.
“To validate the predicted binding sites, we compared our predictions with previously published ChIP-seq data for Hnf4a, Cebpa, Foxa1 and Onecut151, finding specific signal for the corresponding TF when centering the regions on the predicted binding site (Fig S18d).”
From Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
To validate these regulons, publicly available Hi-C and ChIP-seq data were used.
“To validate these regulons, we used publicly available Hi-C and ChIP-seq data50,51.”
From Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Predicted binding hits were validated using ChIP-seq data for Hnf4a, Onecut1, Cebpa and Foxa1.
“To validate the predicted binding hits, we used the ChIP-seq data for Hnf4a, Onecut1, Cebpa and Foxa151, as described for the SCENIC+ regulons.”
From Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Ballester, B., Medina-Rivera, A., Schmidt, D., Gonzàlez-Porta, M., Carlucci, M., Chen, X., Chessman, K., Faure, A. J., Funnell, A. P., Goncalves, A., Kutter, C., Lukk, M., Menon, S., McLaren, W. M., Stefflova, K., Watt, S., Weirauch, M. T., Crossley, M., Marioni, J. C., Odom, D. T., Flicek, P., & Wilson, M. D.
- Affiliations
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Sickkids Research Institute (CA)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, Michael D
- ORCID
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2014-10-03
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- e02626-e02626
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4359374
- OpenAlex
- W2160953907
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Research Council (202218)
- EMBO (Young Investigator Award)
- SickKids Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (436194-2013)
- Wellcome Trust (WT098051, WT095908)
- INSERM
- Canada Research Chairs
- Marie Curie Reintegration Grant
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Cancer Research UK
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (International PhD Progam)
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario (Bridge grant:7486)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- cis-regulatory modules, transcription factor binding, liver gene regulation, tissue-specific gene regulation, disease loci, genome-wide association study, promoter mutations, lipid metabolism genes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Coagulation, Humans, Liver, Male, Mammals, Organ Specificity, Phylogeny, Protein Binding, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Species Specificity, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Lipid Metabolism, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genome-Wide Association Study, Molecular Sequence Annotation
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