Lys63-linked ubiquitin chain adopts multiple conformational states for specific target recognition
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A polyubiquitin comprises multiple covalently linked ubiquitins and recognizes myriad targets. Free or bound to ligands, polyubiquitins are found in different arrangements of ubiquitin subunits. To understand the structural basis for polyubiquitin quaternary plasticity and to explore the target recognition mechanism, we characterize the conformational space of Lys63-linked diubiquitin (K63-Ub2). Refining against inter-subunit paramagnetic NMR data, we show that free K63-Ub2 exists as a dynamic ensemble comprising multiple closed and open quaternary states. The quaternary dynamics enables K63-Ub2 to be specifically recognized in a variety of signaling pathways. When binding to a target protein, one of the preexisting quaternary states is selected and stabilized. A point mutation that shifts the equilibrium between the different states modulates the binding affinities towards K63-Ub2 ligands. This conformational selection mechanism at the quaternary level may be used by polyubiquitins of different lengths and linkages for target recognition.
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Free K63-linked diubiquitin exists as a dynamic ensemble of multiple closed and open quaternary states, as shown by inter-subunit paramagnetic NMR.
“Analysis of inter-subunit paramagnetic NMR data showed that free K63-Ub2 exists as a dynamic ensemble comprising multiple closed and open quaternary states.”
From Protein Ensembles: How Does Nature Harness Thermodynamic Fluctuations for Life? The Diverse Functional Roles of Conformational Ensembles in the Cell (2016) · cites this paper as [226]
Quaternary dynamics allows K63-Ub2 to be specifically recognized in various signaling pathways.
“Quaternary dynamics enables K63-Ub2 to be specifically recognized in a variety of signaling pathways.226”
From Protein Ensembles: How Does Nature Harness Thermodynamic Fluctuations for Life? The Diverse Functional Roles of Conformational Ensembles in the Cell (2016) · cites this paper as [226]
A target protein can select and stabilize one of the preexisting quaternary states of K63-Ub2.
“One of the preexisting quaternary states can be selected and stabilized by a target protein.”
From Protein Ensembles: How Does Nature Harness Thermodynamic Fluctuations for Life? The Diverse Functional Roles of Conformational Ensembles in the Cell (2016) · cites this paper as [226]
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Hameed, D. S., van Tilburg, G. B. A., Merkx, R., Flierman, D., Wienk, H., Oualid, F. E., Hofmann, K., Boelens, R., & Ovaa, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00921 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ensemble structure description of Lys63-linked diubiquitin
Liu, Z., & Tang, C. (2016) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2016.02.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C., Gao, T.-Y., Yi, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Lou, Z., Wei, T.-F., Lu, Y.-B., Li, T., Tang, C., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.7554/elife.103945 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationUbiquitin's Conformational Heterogeneity as Discerned by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Beriashvili, D., Folkers, G. E., & Baldus, M. (2024) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202400508 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Ubiquitin Script: writing protein fates in chains
Gupta, D., & Maddika, S. (2025) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20253031 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ubiquitination in viral entry and replication: Mechanisms and implications
Brochero, M. I. V., Behera, P., Afreen, K. S., Odle, A. E., & Rajsbaum, R. (2024) · Advances in virus research · doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.05.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hou, X., & Tochio, H. (2022) · Biophysical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12551-021-00916-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interpreting the Language of Polyubiquitin with Linkage-Specific Antibodies and Mass Spectrometry
Matsumoto, M. L., Castellanos, E. R., Zeng, Y. J., & Kirkpatrick, D. S. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8706-1_24 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
NMR Characterization of Conformational Interconversions of Lys48-Linked Ubiquitin Chains
Hiranyakorn, M., Yanaka, S., Satoh, T., Wilasri, T., Jityuti, B., Yagi‐Utsumi, M., & Kato, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21155351 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, C., Gao, T., Yi, H.-W., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Lou, Z., Wei, T.-F., Lu, Y., Li, T., Tang, C., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.103945.4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationUnveiling the Structural and Dynamic Nature of the Ubiquitin Code
Lello, P. D., & Hymowitz, S. G. (2016) · Structure · doi:10.1016/j.str.2016.03.013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Branching and Mixing: New Signals of the Ubiquitin Signaling System
Pérez-Hernández, D., Mendes, M. L., & Dittmar, G. A. G. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.91795 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dynamic aspects of pressure and temperature‐stabilized intermediates of outer surface protein A
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Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway
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Self-citationLiu, K., Liu, Z., Peng, Y., Ding, Y., & Tang, C. (2016) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2237125
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Self-citationZhu, Y., Gong, Z., & Tang, C. (2024) · Scientia Sinica Chimica · doi:10.1360/ssc-2023-0247
Self-citationWu, Q., Zhang, J., Jiang, M. H., Yin, J., Wang, L., Chen, R., & Sui, Z. (2025) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112488
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Self-citationInvestigating Enzyme-Substrate Interactions in the Assembly of K48/K63 Heterotypic Ubiquitin Chains
Singh, G. P., Negi, H., Ravichandran, A., Yadav, S., & Das, R. (2026) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00709
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- Authors
- Liu, Z., Gong, Z., Jiang, W.-X., Yang, J., Zhu, W.-K., Guo, D.-C., Zhang, W.-P., Liu, M.-L., & Tang, C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Chun
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 4
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4507786
- OpenAlex
- W1949401050
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2013CB910200)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31225007, 31170728)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) (International Early Career Scientist)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M571860)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Keywords
- diubiquitin, polyubiquitin, quaternary structure, conformational selection, target recognition, ubiquitination, paramagnetic NMR, conformational dynamics, binding affinity, point mutations
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Kinetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Ubiquitin, Protein Multimerization
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