Distinct recruitment of dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum erodes with extended training
Open accessAbstract
Hypotheses of striatal orchestration of behavior ascribe distinct functions to striatal subregions, with the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) especially implicated in habitual and skilled performance. Thus neural activity patterns recorded from the DLS, but not the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), should be correlated with habitual and automatized performance. Here, we recorded DMS and DLS neural activity in rats during training in a task promoting habitual lever pressing. Despite improving performance across sessions, clear changes in corresponding neural activity patterns were not evident in DMS or DLS during early training. Although DMS and DLS activity patterns were distinct during early training, their activity was similar following extended training. Finally, performance after extended training was not associated with DMS disengagement, as would be predicted from prior work. These results suggest that behavioral sequences may continue to engage both striatal regions long after initial acquisition, when skilled performance is consolidated.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dichotomous control mechanisms, such as dorsomedial versus dorsolateral striatum and associative versus sensorimotor circuits, are supported by accumulating evidence.
“Accumulating evidence supports dichotomous control mechanisms, such as “dorsomedial versus dorsolateral striatum” and “associative versus sensorimotor circuits“57,58.”
From Dissociable roles of prefrontal plasticity in decision-making strategy and execution of habitual behavior (2026) · cites this paper as [58]
The Introduction describes distinct proposed roles for the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, and reports that they receive inputs from prefrontal versus sensorimotor cortices. But the paper’s Results and Discussion qualify a simple dichotomy: recruitment differs during early training, while the distinction erodes with extended training and both regions remain engaged. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Breiman, L. (2001) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324 · Cited by 133,538 · see citing works
Classification and Regression by randomForest
Liaw, A. I., & Wiener, M. C. (2007) · Cited by 18,594 · see citing works
The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation
Yin, H. H., & Knowlton, B. J. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1919 · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Yin, H. H., Knowlton, B. J., & Balleine, B. W. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03095.x · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioning
Yin, H. H., Ostlund, S. B., Knowlton, B. J., & Balleine, B. W. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04218.x · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Building neural representations of habits.
Jog, M. S., Kubota, Y., Connolly, C. I., Hillegaart, V., & Graybiel, A. M. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1745 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Start/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning
Jin, X., & Costa, R. M. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09263 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of procedural memories
Barnes, T. D., Kubota, Y., Hu, D., Jin, D. Z., & Graybiel, A. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04053 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Water associated zero maze: a novel rat test for long term traumatic re-experiencing
Ritov, G., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00001 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
YIN, H., KNOWLTON, B., & BALLEINE, B. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.07.012 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Basal ganglia subcircuits distinctively encode the parsing and concatenation of action sequences
Jin, X., Tecuapetla, F., & Costa, R. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3632 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
The striatum: where skills and habits meet
Graybiel, A. M., & Grafton, S. T. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021691 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Redish, A. D. (2016) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.30 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Thorn, C. A., Atallah, H. E., Howe, M. W., & Graybiel, A. M. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.036 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
The integrative function of the basal ganglia in instrumental conditioning
Balleine, B. W., Liljeholm, M., & Ostlund, S. B. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.034 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
A dual operator view of habitual behavior reflecting cortical and striatal dynamics
Smith, K. S., & Graybiel, A. M. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.038 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Dopamine Is Required for the Neural Representation and Control of Movement Vigor
Panigrahi, B., Martin, K. A., Li, Y., Graves, A. R., Vollmer, A., Olson, L., Mensh, B. D., Karpova, A. Y., & Dudman, J. T. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.014 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
From ventral-medial to dorsal-lateral striatum: neural correlates of reward-guided decision-making
Burton, A. C., Nakamura, K., & Roesch, M. R. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.003 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Corbit, L. H., Janak, P. H., & Balleine, B. W. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05934.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationThe striatum multiplexes contextual and kinematic information to constrain motor habits execution
Rueda‐Orozco, P. E., & Robbe, D. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3924 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Shaping action sequences in basal ganglia circuits
Jin, X., & Costa, R. M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.06.011 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Corbit, L. H., & Janak, P. H. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07153.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, K. S., & Graybiel, A. M. (2016) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2016.18.1/ksmith · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Ventral Pallidum Neurons Encode Incentive Value and Promote Cue-Elicited Instrumental Actions
Richard, J. M., Ambroggi, F., Janak, P. H., & Fields, H. L. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.037 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationVentral pallidum encodes relative reward value earlier and more robustly than nucleus accumbens
Ottenheimer, D. J., Richard, J. M., & Janak, P. H. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06849-z · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationIto, M., & Doya, K. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1962-14.2015 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Dynamic Encoding of Action Selection by the Medial Striatum
Kimchi, E. Y., & Laubach, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5206-08.2009 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Habitual Alcohol Seeking: Neural Bases and Possible Relations to Alcohol Use Disorders
Corbit, L. H., & Janak, P. H. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13094 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigating habits: strategies, technologies and models
Smith, K. S., & Graybiel, A. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00039 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Task-dependent encoding of space and events by striatal neurons is dependent on neural subtype
Schmitzer-Torbert, N. C., & Redish, A. D. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.081 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Martiros, N., Burgess, A. A., & Graybiel, A. M. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.031 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Striatal firing rate reflects head movement velocity
Kim, N., Barter, J. W., Sukharnikova, T., & Yin, H. H. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12722 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cholinergic Interneurons Use Orbitofrontal Input to Track Beliefs about Current State
Stalnaker, T. A., Berg, B., Aujla, N., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0157-16.2016 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
No Discrete Start/Stop Signals in the Dorsal Striatum of Mice Performing a Learned Action
Carbonell, C. S., Taouali, W., Khalki, L., Pasquet, M. O., Petit, L. F., Moreau, T., Rueda‐Orozco, P. E., & Robbe, D. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.038 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
To move or to sense? Incorporating somatosensory representation into striatal functions
Robbe, D. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lever Insertion as a Salient Stimulus Promoting Insensitivity to Outcome Devaluation
Vandaele, Y., Pribut, H. J., & Janak, P. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2017.00023 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, K. S., & Graybiel, A. M. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Regier, P. S., Amemiya, S., & Redish, A. D. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00189.2015 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ventral pallidal encoding of reward-seeking behavior depends on the underlying associative structure
Richard, J. M., Stout, N., Acs, D., & Janak, P. H. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.33107 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Dorsomedial Striatum Reflects Response Bias during Learning
Kimchi, E. Y., & Laubach, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4060-09.2009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Oorschot, D. E. (2012) · Basal Ganglia · doi:10.1016/j.baga.2012.11.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The basal ganglia control the detailed kinematics of learned motor skills
Dhawale, A. K., Wolff, S. B. E., Ko, R., & Ölveczky, B. P. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00889-3 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Revealing abrupt transitions from goal-directed to habitual behavior
Moore, S., Wang, Z., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Sun, R., Lee, Y. A., Charles, A., & Kuchibhotla, K. V. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71048-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Asaoka, N., Pagano, D., & Hayashi, Y. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75706-1
“Accumulating evidence supports dichotomous control mechanisms, such as “ dorsomedial versus dorsolateral striatum ” and “ associative versus sensorimotor circuits “ 57,58 .”
- Authors
- Vandaele, Y., Mahajan, N. R., Ottenheimer, D. J., Richard, J. M., Mysore, S. P., & Janak, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vandaele, Youna
- Janak, Patricia H
- ORCID
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2019-10-17
- Volume
- 8
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6822989
- OpenAlex
- W2980664548
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 6.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research (R01DA035943)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA026306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- dorsomedial striatum, dorsolateral striatum, striatal subregions, habit formation, neural activity patterns, behavioral disengagement, skill consolidation, extended training
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Corpus Striatum, Learning, Motion, Neurons, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
