Constitutively active STING causes neuroinflammation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in mice
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is activated after detection of cytoplasmic dsDNA by cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) as part of the innate immunity defence against viral pathogens. STING binds TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). TBK1 mutations are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the STING pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of further neurodegenerative diseases. To test whether STING activation is sufficient to induce neurodegeneration, we analysed a mouse model that expresses the constitutively active STING variant N153S. In this model, we focused on dopaminergic neurons, which are particularly sensitive to stress and represent a circumscribed population that can be precisely quantified. In adult mice expressing N153S STING, the number of dopaminergic neurons was smaller than in controls, as was the density of dopaminergic axon terminals and the concentration of dopamine in the striatum. We also observed alpha-synuclein pathology and a lower density of synaptic puncta. Neuroinflammation was quantified by staining astroglia and microglia, by measuring mRNAs, proteins and nuclear translocation of transcription factors. These neuroinflammatory markers were already elevated in juvenile mice although at this age the number of dopaminergic neurons was still unaffected, thus preceding the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. More neuroinflammatory markers were blunted in mice deficient for inflammasomes than in mice deficient for signalling by type I interferons. Neurodegeneration, however, was blunted in both mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that chronic activation of the STING pathway is sufficient to cause degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Targeting the STING pathway could therefore be beneficial in Parkinson’s disease and further neurodegenerative diseases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mice carrying STING N153S, a constitutively active STING, was sufficient to induce α-synuclein aggregation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.
“In addition, an important study published recently found that mice carrying STING N153S, a constitutively active STING, was sufficient to induce α-synuclein aggregation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.410”
From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [410]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation
Sliter, D. A., Martinez, J., Hao, L., Chen, X., Sun, N., Fischer, T. D., Burman, J. L., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Narendra, D. P., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0448-9 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
RetractedR: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493 · see citing works
Schroder, K., & Tschopp, J. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040 · Cited by 5,475 · see citing works
Inflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling
Broz, P., & Dixit, V. M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.58 · Cited by 3,500 · see citing works
Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Mediated Programmed Necrotic Cell Death
Shi, J., Gao, W., & Shao, F. (2017) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2016.10.004 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
Bauernfeind, F. G., Horvath, G. L., Stutz, A., Alnemri, E. S., MacDonald, K. L., Speert, D. P., Fernandes‐Alnemri, T., Wu, J., Monks, B. G., Fitzgerald, K. A., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901363 · Cited by 3,006 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes
Kwon, H. S., & Koh, S.-H. (2020) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-020-00221-2 · Cited by 2,595 · see citing works
Regulation and function of the cGAS–STING pathway of cytosolic DNA sensing
Chen, Q., Sun, L., & Chen, Z. J. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3558 · Cited by 2,333 · see citing works
The cGAS–STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases
Decout, A., Katz, J. D., Venkatraman, S., & Ablasser, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00524-z · Cited by 2,309 · see citing works
Microglial <scp>M1/M2</scp> polarization and metabolic states
Orihuela, R., McPherson, C. A., & Harry, G. J. (2016) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13139 · Cited by 2,070 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS–STING signalling
Hopfner, K.-P., & Hornung, V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0244-x · Cited by 2,052 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response
West, A. P., Khoury-Hanold, W., Staron, M., Tal, M. C., Pineda, C. M., Lang, S. M., Bestwick, M., Duguay, B. A., Raimundo, N., MacDuff, D. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14156 · Cited by 1,975 · see citing works
α-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions
Fujiwara, H., Hasegawa, M., Dohmae, N., Kawashima, A., Masliah, E., Goldberg, M., Shen, J., Takio, K., & Iwatsubo, T. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb748 · Cited by 1,906 · see citing works
Perineuronal nets stabilize the grid cell network
Christensen, A. C., Lensjø, K. K., Lepperød, M. E., Dragly, S.-A., Sutterud, H., Blackstad, J. S., Fyhn, M., & Hafting, T. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20241-w · Cited by 1,865 · see citing works
DNA sensing by the cGAS–STING pathway in health and disease
Motwani, M., Pesiridis, S., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0151-1 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
Microglia in physiology and disease
Wolf, S. A., Boddeke, H. W. G. M., & Kettenmann, H. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034406 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Anderson, J. P., Walker, D., Goldstein, J. M., de Laat, R., Banducci, K., Caccavello, R. J., Barbour, R., Huang, J., Kling, K., Lee, M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m600933200 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Activated STING in a Vascular and Pulmonary Syndrome
Liu, Y., de Jesus, A. A., Marrero, B., Yang, D., RAMSEY, S. E., Sanchez, G. A. M., Tenbrock, K., Wittkowski, H., Jones, O. Y., Kuehn, H. S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1312625 · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
The cGAS–cGAMP–STING pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer
Li, T., & Chen, Z. J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20180139 · Cited by 1,293 · see citing works
Paxinos and Franklin's the Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Franklin, K. B. J. (2012) · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
TDP-43 Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release via mPTP to Activate cGAS/STING in ALS
Yu, C.-H., Davidson, S., Harapas, C. R., Hilton, J. B., Mlodzianoski, M. J., Laohamonthonkul, P., Louis, C., Low, R. R. J., Moecking, J., De Nardo, D., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.020 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Spandidos, A., Wang, X., Wang, H., & Seed, B. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1005 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Inflammasome inhibition prevents α-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice
Gordon, R., Albornoz, E. A., Christie, D. C., Langley, M. R., Kumar, V., Mantovani, S., Robertson, A. A. B., Butler, M. S., Rowe, D. B., O’Neill, L. A., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4066 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Collart, M. A., Baeuerle, P. A., & VASSALLI, P. (1990) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.10.4.1498 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
Obeso, J. A., Stamelou, M., Goetz, C. G., Poewe, W., Lang, A. E., Weintraub, D., Burn, D., Halliday, G. M., Bezard, E., Przedborski, S., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27115 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Oxidant stress evoked by pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons is attenuated by DJ-1
Guzmán, J. N., Sánchez-Padilla, J., Wokosin, D. L., Kondapalli, J., Ilijić, E., Schumacker, P. T., & Surmeier, D. J. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09536 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Inflammasome signalling in brain function and neurodegenerative disease
Heneka, M. T., McManus, R. M., & Latz, E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0055-7 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia
Freischmidt, A., Wieland, T., Richter, B., Ruf, W., Schaeffer, V., Müller, K., Marroquin, N., Nordin, F., Hübers, A., Weydt, P., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4000 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Inflammasomes in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases
Voet, S., Srinivasan, S., Lamkanfi, M., & van Loo, G. (2019) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201810248 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Gaidt, M. M., Ebert, T. S., Chauhan, D., Ramshorn, K., Pinci, F., Zuber, S., O’Duill, F., Schmid-Burgk, J. L., Hoss, F., Buhmann, R., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.039 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Parkinson Disease
Chen, H., Zhang, S. M., Hernán, M. Á., Schwarzschild, M. A., Willett, W. C., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., & Ascherio, A. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.8.1059 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Hiscott, J., Marois, J., Garoufalis, J., D'Addario, M., Roulston, A., Kwan, I., Pepin, N., Lacoste, J., Nguyen, H., & Bensi, G. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.10.6231 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Yum, S., Li, M., Fang, Y., & Chen, Z. J. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100225118 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
TBK1 and IKKε Act Redundantly to Mediate STING-Induced NF-κB Responses in Myeloid Cells
Balka, K. R., Louis, C., Saunders, T. L., Smith, A. M., Calleja, D. J., D’Silva, D. B., Moghaddas, F., Tailler, M., Lawlor, K. E., Zhan, Y., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.056 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Petrasek, J., Iracheta‐Vellve, A., Csák, T., Satishchandran, A., Kodys, K., Kurt‐Jones, E. A., Fitzgerald, K. A., & Szabó, G. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308331110 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Ebrahimi‐Fakhari, D., Cantuti‐Castelvetri, I., Fan, Z., Rockenstein, E. M., Masliah, E., Hyman, B. T., McLean, P. J., & Unni, V. K. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1560-11.2011 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Neumann, M., Kahle, P. J., Giasson, B. I., Ozmen, L., Borroni, E., Spooren, W. P. J. M., Müller, V., Odoy, S., Fujiwara, H., Hasegawa, M., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15777 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Microglial NF-κB drives tau spreading and toxicity in a mouse model of tauopathy
Wang, C., Fan, L., Khawaja, R. R., Liu, B., Zhan, L., Kodama, L., Chin, M., Li, Y., Le, D., Zhou, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29552-6 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Moretti, J., Roy, S., Bozec, D., Martinez, J., Chapman, J. R., Ueberheide, B. M., Lamming, D. W., Chen, Z. J., Horng, T., Yeretssian, G., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.034 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Signaling by cGAS–STING in Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, and Aging
Paul, B. D., Snyder, S. H., & Bohr, V. A. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.008 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Wu, J., Chen, Y.-J., Dobbs, N., Sakai, T., Liou, J., Miner, J. J., & Yan, N. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20182192 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Differentiation of Mesencephalic Progenitor Cells into Dopaminergic Neurons by Cytokines
Ling, Z. D., Potter, E. D., Lipton, J. W., & Carvey, P. M. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6715 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Gal-Ben-Ari, S., Barrera, I., Ehrlich, M., & Rosenblum, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00480 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Gordesky-Gold, B., Leney-Greene, M. A., Weinbren, N. L., Tudor, M., & Cherry, S. R. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.022 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Wang, W., Hu, D., Feng, Y., Wu, J., Li, A., Wang, Y., Cheng, K., Tian, M., Xiao, F., Zhang, Q., et al. (2020) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008335 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
STING mediates neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in nigrostriatal α-synucleinopathy
Hinkle, J. T., Patel, J., Panicker, N., Karuppagounder, S. S., Biswas, D., Belingon, B., Chen, R., Brahmachari, S., Pletnikova, O., Troncoso, J. C., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2118819119 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
TNF-mediated neuroinflammation is linked to neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus
Jayaraman, A., Htike, T. T., James, R., Picón, C., & Reynolds, R. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01264-w · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Collart, M. A., Baeuerle, P. A., & VASSALLI, P. (1990) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.10.4.1498-1506.1990 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Kovács, B., Vajda, E., & Nagy, E. E. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20184653 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Overview of STING-Associated Vasculopathy with Onset in Infancy (SAVI) Among 21 Patients
Frémond, M., Hadchouel, A., Berteloot, L., Melki, I., Bresson, V., Barnabei, L., Jeremiah, N., Bélot, A., Bondet, V., Brocq, O., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.007 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Dendrodendritic Inhibition Through Reversal of Dopamine Transport
Falkenburger, B. H., Barstow, K. L., & Mintz, I. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060645 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationLack of Neuronal IFN-β-IFNAR Causes Lewy Body- and Parkinson’s Disease-like Dementia
Ejlerskov, P., Hultberg, J. G., Wang, J., Carlsson, R., Ambjørn, M., Kuss, M., Liu, Y., Porcu, G., Kolkova, K., Friis Rundsten, C., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.069 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Hiscott, J. B., Marois, J., Garoufalis, J., D’Addario, M., Roulston, A., Kwan, I., Pépin, N., Lacoste, J., Nguyen, H., Bensi, G., et al. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.10.6231-6240.1993 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
STING-associated vasculopathy develops independently of IRF3 in mice
Warner, J. D., Irizarry-Caro, R. A., Bennion, B. G., Ai, T. L., Smith, A. M., Miner, C. A., Sakai, T., Gonugunta, V. K., Wu, J., Platt, D. J., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20171351 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Mollenhauer, B., Zimmermann, J., Sixel‐Döring, F., Focke, N. K., Wicke, T., Ebentheuer, J., Schaumburg, M., Lang, E., Friede, T., Trenkwalder, C., et al. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27492 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Ten Unsolved Questions About Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease
Hirsch, É. C., & Standaert, D. G. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28075 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Oliveras-Salvá, M., Van der Perren, A., Casadei, N., Stroobants, S., Nuber, S., D’Hooge, R., Van den Haute, C., & Baekelandt, V. (2013) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-8-44 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Bido, S., Muggeo, S., Massimino, L., Marzi, M. J., Giannelli, S. G., Melacini, E., Nannoni, M., Gambarè, D., Bellini, E., Ordazzo, G., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26519-x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
von Herrmann, K. M., Salas, L. A., Martinez, E. M., Young, A. L., Howard, J. M., Feldman, M. S., Christensen, B. C., Wilkins, O. M., Lee, S., Hickey, W. F., et al. (2018) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0061-5 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Pais, T. F., Szegő, É. M., Marques, O., Miller‐Fleming, L., Antas, P., Guerreiro, P. S., de Oliveira, R. M., Kasapoğlu, B., & Outeiro, T. F. (2013) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.200 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Crosstalk between cGAS–STING signaling and cell death
Murthy, A. M. V., Robinson, N., & Kumar, S. (2020) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-020-00624-8 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Sen, T., Saha, P., Gupta, R. K., Foley, L. M., Jiang, T., Abakumova, O. S., Hitchens, T. K., & Sen, N. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0718-19.2019 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Samuel, F., Flavin, W. P., Iqbal, S., Pacelli, C., Renganathan, S. D. S., Trudeau, L., Campbell, E. M., Fraser, P. E., & Tandon, A. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.705095 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Increased Immune Activation by Pathologic α‐Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease
Grozdanov, V., Bousset, L., Hoffmeister, M., Bliederhaeuser, C., Meier, C., Madiona, K., Pieri, L., Kiechle, M., McLean, P. J., Kassubek, J., et al. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25557 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Hall, S., Janelidze, S., Surova, Y., Widner, H., Zetterberg, H., & Hansson, O. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31517-z · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Nazmi, A., Field, R. H., Griffin, É. W., Haugh, O., Hennessy, E., Cox, D. J., dos Reis, R. R., Tortorelli, L. S., Murray, C., López-Rodríguez, A. B., et al. (2019) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23592 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Inflammasome and α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study
Chatterjee, K., Roy, A., Banerjee, R., Choudhury, S., Mondal, B., Halder, S., Basu, P., Shubham, S., Dey, S., & Kumar, H. (2019) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577089 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Defining α-synuclein species responsible for Parkinson’s disease phenotypes in mice
Froula, J. M., Castellana-Cruz, M., Anabtawi, N. M., Camino, J. D., Chen, S. W., Thrasher, D. R., Freire, J., Yazdi, A. A., Fleming, S., Dobson, C. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.007743 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
STING-associated lung disease in mice relies on T cells but not type I interferon
Luksch, H., Stinson, W. A., Platt, D. J., Qian, W., Kalugotla, G., Miner, C. A., Bennion, B. G., Gerbaulet, A., Rösen‐Wolff, A., & Miner, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.044 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationModulating TRADD to restore cellular homeostasis and inhibit apoptosis
Xu, D., Zhao, H., Jin, M., Zhu, H., Shan, B., Geng, J., Dziedzic, S. A., Amin, P. P., Mifflin, L., Naito, M. G., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2757-z · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Fibrillar α-synuclein induces neurotoxic astrocyte activation via RIP kinase signaling and NF-κB
Chou, T.-W., Chang, N. P., Krishnagiri, M., Patel, A. P., Lindman, M., Angel, J. P., Kung, P.-L., Atkins, C., & Daniels, B. P. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04049-0 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Liu, B. C., Sarhan, J., Panda, A., Muendlein, H. I., Ilyukha, V., Coers, J., Yamamoto, M., Isberg, R. R., & Poltorak, A. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
STING-Associated Vasculopathy with Onset in Infancy — A New Interferonopathy
Crow, Y. J., & Casanova, J. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1407246 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Human microglia and astrocytes express cGAS-STING viral sensing components
Jeffries, A. M., & Marriott, I. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.039 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
PIAS2-mediated blockade of IFN-β signaling: a basis for sporadic Parkinson disease dementia
Magalhães, J., Tresse, E., Ejlerskov, P., Hu, E., Liu, Y., Marín, A., Montalant, A., Satriano, L., Rundsten, C. F., Carlsen, E. M., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01207-w · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gong, J., Szegő, É. M., Leonov, A., Benito, E., Becker, S., Fischer, A., Zweckstetter, M., Outeiro, T. F., & Schneider, A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2070-18.2019 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Noguchi, S., Yamada, N. O., Kumazaki, M., Yasui, Y., Iwasaki, J., Naito, S., & Akao, Y. (2013) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.11 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Szegő, É. M., Dominguez‐Meijide, A., Gerhardt, E., König, A., Koss, D. J., Li, W., Pinho, R., Fahlbusch, C., Johnson, M., Santos, P. I., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I Response in Host Defense and Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Chen, K., Lai, C., Su, Y., Bao, W. D., Yang, L. N., Xu, P.-P., & Zhu, L.-Q. (2021) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x19666210924110144 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Molecular and spatial mechanisms governing STING signalling
Balka, K. R., & Nardo, D. D. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15640 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cui, Y., Zhao, D., Sreevatsan, S., Liu, C., Yang, W., Song, Z., Yang, L., Barrow, P., & Zhou, X. (2016) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.00182 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Enduring Changes in Neuronal Function upon Systemic Inflammation Are NLRP3 Inflammasome Dependent
Beyer, M. M. S., Lonnemann, N., Remus, A., Latz, E., Heneka, M. T., & Korte, M. (2020) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0200-20.2020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Bentea, E., der Perren, A. V., Liefferinge, J. V., Arfani, A. E., Albertini, G., Demuyser, T., Merckx, E., Michotte, Y. M., Smolders, I. J., Baekelandt, V., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00068 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Siedel, H., Roers, A., Rösen‐Wolff, A., & Luksch, H. (2020) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108466 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammation kinase PKR phosphorylates α-synuclein and causes α-synuclein-dependent cell death
Reimer, L., Vesterager, L. B., Betzer, C., Zheng, J., Nielsen, L. D., Kofoed, R. H., Lassen, L. B., Bølcho, U., Paludan, S. R., Fog, K., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bantle, C. M., Rocha, S. M., French, C. T., Phillips, A. T., Tran, K., Olson, K. E., Bass, T. A., Aboellail, T., Smeyne, R. J., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113845 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sirtuin 2 enhances dopaminergic differentiation via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway
Szegő, É. M., Gerhardt, E., & Outeiro, T. F. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Non-canonical Caspase-1 Signaling Drives RIP2-Dependent and TNF-α-Mediated Inflammation In Vivo
Reinke, S., Linge, M., Diebner, H. H., Luksch, H., Glage, S., Gocht, A., Robertson, A. A. B., Cooper, M. A., Hofmann, S. R., Naumann, R., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.090 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationDepletion of CD4 T cells provides therapeutic benefits in aged mice after ischemic stroke
Harris, N., Roy-O’Reilly, M. A., Ritzel, R. M., Holmes, A., Sansing, L. H., O’Keefe, L. M., McCullough, L. D., & Chauhan, A. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113202 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Inflammation in Experimental Models of α ‐Synucleinopathies
Harms, A. S., Kordower, J. H., Sette, A., Arlehamn, C. S. L., Sulzer, D. L., & Mach, R. H. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28264 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Komnig, D., Dagli, T. C., Habib, P., Zeyen, T., Schulz, J. B., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2018) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14575 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationcGAS- Stimulator of Interferon Genes Signaling in Central Nervous System Disorders
Li, F., Wang, N., Zheng, Y., Luo, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0304 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Szegő, É. M., Gerhardt, E., Kermer, P., & Schulz, J. B. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.09.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Olsen, L. K., Cairns, A. G., Ådén, J., Moriarty, N., Cabré, S., Alamilla, V., Almqvist, F., Dowd, E., & McKernan, D. P. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.036 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rab7 reduces α-synuclein toxicity in rats and primary neurons
Szegő, É. M., Szegő, É. M., den Haute, C. V., Höfs, L., Baekelandt, V., der Perren, A. V., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113900 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSzegő, É. M., Szegő, É. M., Boß, F., Komnig, D., Gärtner, C., Höfs, L., Shaykhalishahi, H., Wördehoff, M., Saridaki, T., Schulz, J. B., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.696440 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationRodríguez‐Pallares, J., Guerra, M. J., & Labandeira-García, J. L. (2005) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.06.009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pegylated IFN-α suppresses hepatitis C virus by promoting the DAPK-mTOR pathway
Liu, W., Yang, H., Hsu, C., Wang, C.-C., Wang, T.-S., Kao, J., & Chen, D. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1618517114 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development
Zhang, W., Xiao, D., Mao, Q., & Xia, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5 · Cited by 1,668 · see citing works
“In addition, an important study published recently found that mice carrying STING N153S, a constitutively active STING, was sufficient to induce α-synuclein aggregation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.(410) This study shows up the crucial role of cGAS-STING pathway in the development of PD.”
BackgroundThe role of PINK1–Parkin in mitochondrial quality control
Narendra, D. P., & Youle, R. J. (2024) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-024-01513-9 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases
Castro‐Gomez, S., & Heneka, M. T. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The immune system in Parkinson's disease: what we know so far
Roodveldt, C., Bernardino, L. I., Çakmak, Ö. Ö., Dragić, M., Fladmark, K. E., Ertan, S., Aktaş, B., Pita, C., Ciglar, L., Garraux, G., et al. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae177 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Mitophagy and cGAS–STING crosstalk in neuroinflammation
Zhou, X., Wang, J., Yu, L., Qiao, G., Qin, D., Yuen-Kwan Law, B., Ren, F., Wu, J., & Wu, A. (2024) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.012 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
STING trafficking as a new dimension of immune signaling
Jeltema, D., Abbott, K., & Yan, N. (2023) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20220990 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Thadathil, N., Delotterie, D. F., Xiao, J., Hori, R., McDonald, M. P., & Khan, M. M. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02109-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Inflammasome assembly in neurodegenerative diseases
Singh, J., Habean, M. L., & Panicker, N. (2023) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.009 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Regulation of cGAS and STING signaling during inflammation and infection
Chauvin, S. D., Stinson, W. A., Platt, D. J., Poddar, S., & Miner, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104866 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zou, M., Wu, H., Zhu, J., & Jin, T. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106710 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
STING signaling in the brain: Molecular threats, signaling activities, and therapeutic challenges
Yang, K., Tang, Z., Xing, C., & Yan, N. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.014 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wang, B., Wang, Y., Qiu, J., Gao, S., Yu, S., Sun, D., & Lou, H. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110827 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Najem, H., Lea, S. T., Tripathi, S., Hurley, L., Chen, C.-H., William, I., Sooreshjani, M., Bowie, M. L., Hartley, G. P., Dussold, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci175033 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Li, H., Cai, R., Zhou, Y., Jiang, Y., & Tan, S. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03563-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhang, B., Duan, R., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Wu, C., Zhang, S., Sun, H., Li, A., Hou, F., Qi, L., & Liao, H. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03086-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
cGAS-STING targeting offers novel therapeutic opportunities in neurological diseases
Wang, H., Fleishman, J. S., Wu, S., Wang, G., Du, L., Li, J., & Du, J. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102691 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pereira, S. L., Großmann, D., Delcambre, S., Hermann, A., & Grünewald, A. (2023) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102720 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Marchi, F. D., Munitić, I., Vidatic, L., Papić, E., Rački, V., Nimac, J., Jurak, I., Novotni, G., Rogelj, B., Vuletić, V., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102793 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wang, R., Sun, H., Cao, Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Liu, L., Wu, J., Xu, H., Wu, D., et al. (2024) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.adk8249 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
He, D., Xu, Y. C., Liu, M., & Cui, L. (2023) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0519 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Shi, W., Zhou, Q., Lu, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Pu, Y., & Yin, L. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117085 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Khan, S., Delotterie, D. F., Xiao, J., Thangavel, R., Hori, R. T., Koprich, J. B., Alway, S. E., McDonald, M. P., & Khan, M. M. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106065 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mitochondrial mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease: Quest for therapeutics
Kalani, K., Chaturvedi, P., Chaturvedi, P., Verma, V. K., Lal, N., Awasthi, S. K., & Kalani, A. (2023) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103547 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gąssowska-Dobrowolska, M., Olech-Kochańczyk, G., Culmsee, C., & Adamczyk, A. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s468609 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wang, D., Gao, H., Qin, Q., Li, J., Zhao, J., Qu, Y., Li, J., Xiong, Y., Min, Z., Mao, Z., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-04881-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shao, L., Hu, F., Xu, R., Nie, H., Zhang, H., & Ping, Z. (2023) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/0115665240263859231018110107 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Li, H., Qian, J., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Mi, X., Qu, L., Song, N., & Xie, J. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102288 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gene therapy breakthroughs in ALS: a beacon of hope for 20% of ALS patients
Xie, Q., Li, K., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Jiang, W., Cao, W., Yu, H., Fan, D., & Deng, B. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00477-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Szegő, É. M., Höfs, L., Antoniou, A., Dinter, E., Bernhardt, N. R., Schneider, A., Monte, D. A. D., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59249-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationGut Microbiota as a Modifier of Huntington’s Disease Pathogenesis
Khoshnan, A. (2024) · Journal of Huntington s Disease · doi:10.3233/jhd-240012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Unraveling Parkinson's disease: The mystery of mitochondria and the role of aging
Liu, T., Li, J., Wu, H., Qiao, J., & Wei, J. (2025) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101719 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA: a molecular switch driving sterile neuroinflammation
Jauhari, A., Singh, T., Carlisle, D. L., & Friedlander, R. M. (2026) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-026-00540-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis
Kumar, V., & Stewart, J. H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031828 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kate, W. D., Fanta, M., & Weinfeld, M. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae654 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Zhao, Z.-W., & Hu, X. (2023) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2023258 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wang, W., Wang, L., Zhong, X., Dong, L., Zhang, L., & Hu, J. X. (2025) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.70146 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wang, P., Shao, Y., Al‐Nusaif, M., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Kim, K., Li, S., Liu, C., Cai, H., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00746-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The STING Signaling: A Novel Target for Central Nervous System Diseases
Song, M. S., Ren, J., Zhu, Z., Yi, Z., Wang, C., Liang, L., Tian, J., Mao, G., Mao, G., & Chen, M. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01550-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mahajan, A. S., Dussold, C., Kim, S., Jarvis, R., Hurley, L., Tommasini-Ghelfi, S., Park, J., Forsyth, C. M., Zhang, B., Miska, J. M., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2409557122 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Akhter, F., Akhter, A., Zhu, X., Schiff, H. C., Maffei, A., Douglas, J. T., Zhou, Q., Zhao, Z., & Zhu, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2505046122 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A-Syn(ful) MAM: A Fresh Perspective on a Converging Domain in Parkinson’s Disease
Barbuti, P. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25126525 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Therapeutic modulation of cGAS-STING pathway in neurodegeneration
Sharma, V., Verma, R., Sharma, P., & Singh, T. G. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149784 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration
Sušjan, P., Ramuta, T. Ž., Boršić, E., Orehek, S., & Hafner‐Bratkovič, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Luo, B., Xie, Y., Kuang, W., Wang, Y., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., & Yuan, M. (2025) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000002152 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yang, L., Li, S., Hou, C., Zhang, Y., Cheng, L., Wang, Z., He, W., & Zhang, W. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c00694 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sterile innate immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Ealy, A., Serapiglia, A. M., & Panicker, N. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.111039 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, H., Hu, C., Liu, H., Gong, Z., Jiang, S., Xie, J., Li, Y., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Zou, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03815-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tissue inflammation induced by constitutively active STING is mediated by enhanced TNF signaling
Luksch, H., Schulze, F., Geißler-Lösch, D., Sprott, D., Höfs, L., Szegő, É. M., Tonnus, W., Winkler, S., Günther, C., Linkermann, A., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.101350 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMi, S., Nakashima, H., & Nakashima, K. (2025) · Epigenomes · doi:10.3390/epigenomes9040038 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
STING antagonists, synthesized via Povarov–Doebner type multicomponent reaction
Ong, W. W. S., Dayal, N., Chaudhuri, R., Lamptey, J., & Sintim, H. O. (2023) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3md00061c · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Terlizzi, M., Colarusso, C., Falanga, A., Somma, P., Rosa, I. D., Panico, L., Pinto, A., Maiolino, P., & Sorrentino, R. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24098303 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
PLEKHM1 Overexpression Impairs Autophagy and Exacerbates Neurodegeneration in rAAV-α-Synuclein Mice
Höfs, L., Geißler-Lösch, D., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14171340 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of stimulator of interferon genes ( STING ) in the enteric nervous system in health and disease
Balasubramaniam, A., & Srinivasan, S. (2023) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14603 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Klæstrup, I. H., Reinert, L. S., Ferreira, S. A., Lauritsen, J., Toft, G. U., Gram, H., Jensen, P. H., Paludan, S. R., & Romero‐Ramos, M. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01228-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yurdgülü, E. E., Ay, Y. A., Bayır, Y., & Halıcı, Z. (2026) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2026.106990 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aybar-Torres, A. A., Saldarriaga, L. A., Pham, A. T., Emtiazjoo, A. M., Sharma, A. K., Bryant, A. J., & Jin, L. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96790 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Effect of β-Wrapin AS69 in a Mouse Model Based on Alpha-Synuclein Overexpression
Höfs, L., Geißler-Lösch, D., Wunderlich, K., Szegő, É. M., den Haute, C. V., Baekelandt, V., Hoyer, W., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14070756 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationUnraveling synucleinopathies: Recent breakthroughs in Parkinson’s disease therapy
Nanda, A., Pandey, S. K., & Singh, R. K. (2025) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103735 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sharma, O., Grewal, A. K., Kumar, A., Khan, H., Singh, V., Singh, T. G., Singh, T., Ahmad, S. F., & Al‐Mazroua, H. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-27660-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fu, R., & Shi, L. (2026) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112390 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Duan, X., Cheng, J., Wang, J., Chen, W., & Ruan, Z. J. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15060523 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
STING-dependent peripheral inflammaging drives neurodegeneration via extracellular vesicles
Öberg, M., Myers, C., Saffarzadeh, N., Marić, I., Murillo-Léon, M., Strömberg, A., Fabriková, D., Fabrik, I., Rivas-Galvez, L., Deshmukh, M. V., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117640 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Aybar-Torres, A. A., Saldarriaga, L. A., Pham, A. T., Emtiazjoo, A. M., Sharma, A. K., Bryant, A. J., & Jin, L. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96790.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., Qin, J., Chen, H., Zheng, H., & Wang, J.-T. (2025) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-025-04408-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Molecular insights into chronic glomerulonephritis and dopamine interplay
Singh, N. A., & Sen, S. (2025) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111880 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Huang, C., Babu, V. S., Bammidi, S., Arnold, J., Ebeling, M., Widmer, G., Strassburger, P., Lazendic, M., Grüner, S., Koester, J., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08491-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
New perspectives on the role of mitochondria in Parkinson's disease
Yin, S., Zhang, Y., Wu, J., Song, R., Shen, M., Lai, X., & Yan, J. (2024) · Journal of Neurorestoratology · doi:10.1016/j.jnrt.2024.100112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fahmy, A. M., Cannon, T., Hernandez, C., Ahmadi, A., Xu, Y. Z., Barrette, B., Ibrahim, M., Lanoix, J., Duque, G. A., Schurr, E., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.545012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Identification of common human TMEM173 genotypes associated with Alzheimer's disease
Usher, M. R., Aybar-Torres, A. A., & Jin, L. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251396973 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zheng, B., Yao, G., Pang, Y., Luo, J., Yang, Z., Xiu, F., Zhen, C., & Liang, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1850149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, B., Qiu, J., Wang, Y., Gao, S., Yu, S., Sun, D., & Lou, H. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2690699/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aybar-Torres, A. A., Saldarriaga, L. A., Pham, A. T., Emtiazjoo, A. M., Sharma, A. K., Bryant, A. J., & Jin, L. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96790.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aybar-Torres, A. A., Saldarriaga, L. A., Pham, A. T., Emtiazjoo, A. M., Sharma, A. K., Bryant, A. J., & Jin, L. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96790.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aybar-Torres, A. A., Saldarriaga, L. A., Pham, A. T., Emtiazjoo, A. M., Sharma, A. K., Bryant, A. J., & Jin, L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.561109
Shi, W., Zhou, Q., Lu, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Pu, Y., & Yin, L. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4884581
Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by trichloroethylene in Parkinson’s disease
Ilieva, N. M., Adamson, A. B., Ghalib, M., Walters, T., & Miranda, B. R. D. (2024) · Advances in neurotoxicology · doi:10.1016/bs.ant.2024.09.003
Malfer, L., Piat, C., Benarroch, E. E., Ross, O. A., Niu, Z., Liu, T., & Savica, R. (2025) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.108061
Wang, D., Hongling, G., Qin, Q., Li, J., Zhao, J., Qu, Y., Li, J., 熊永洁, Min, Z., Mao, Z., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25010473
Wang, P., Shao, Y., Al-Nusaif, M., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Kim, K., Li, S., Liu, C., Cai, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26943114
Wang, P., Shao, Y., Al-Nusaif, M., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Kim, K., Li, S., Liu, C., Cai, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26943117
Wang, P., Shao, Y., Al-Nusaif, M., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Kim, K., Li, S., Liu, C., Cai, H., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26943120
Averchuk, E. S., Salmina, A. B., Akhmadieva, L. A., Mukhamedyarov, M. A., & Illarioshkin, S. N. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.17816/acen.1240 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lipids Meet Immunity: Metabolic Control of cGAS-STING
Mah, C. Y., Aw, X. Y., & Chua, N. K. (2026) · Lipidology · doi:10.3390/lipidology3010010
CSF alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay results in routine clinically collected samples
Dinter, E., Margraff, J. L., Schniewind, I., Reinhard, N., UKD SAA study group, Reichmann, H., Bräuer, S., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2026) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1177/1877718x261431201
Self-citationAhmad, A., & Khan, M. M. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06061-x
Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Gao, C., Zhang, Z., Liao, X., & Kang, Y. M. (2026) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-026-01786-8
Xinyuan, Y. U., Song, Y. A. O., Xu, P., & Wang, A. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2026-0036
The cGAS-STING pathway in inflammaging and neuroinflammation
Zhang, C., Liu, C., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Fang, Z., He, Z., Mao, Y., & Yang, H. (2026) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-026-3414-8
Mechanisms of cGAS-STING-mediated chronic inflammation and targeted interventions in brain aging
ZHANG, H., Yu, D., Xu, P., & Wu, Q. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2026-0033
陈, 旸., & Li, Y. (2026) · Scientia Sinica Chimica · doi:10.1360/ssc-2026-0161
Zhang, C., & Yang, Z. (2026) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2026.112118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Höfs, L., Luksch, H., Schulze, F., Rösen‐Wolff, A., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-70399-4
Self-citationUsenko, T. S., Bezrukova, A. I., Basharova, K. S., Grigor’eva, E. V., Pavlova, S. V., Baydakova, G., Miliukhina, I. V., Zakharova, E. Y., & Pchelina, S. (2026) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297926601644
Dinter, E., Szegő, É. M., Luksch, H., Höfs, L., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11097164/v1
Self-citationZhang, C., & Li, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1979957
BindingDB Entry 50019429: STING antagonists, synthesized
BindingDB (2024) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2tf02pb
- Authors
- Szego, E. M., Malz, L., Bernhardt, N., Rösen-Wolff, A., Falkenburger, B. H., & Luksch, H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Department of Pediatrics, TU Dresden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Malz, Laura
- Bernhardt, Nadine
- Falkenburger, Björn H
- Luksch, Hella
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2022-10-31
- Volume
- 11
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9767458
- OpenAlex
- W4307777491
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FA-658-3-1, SFB TRR237, B18)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- STING, dopaminergic neurons, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, Parkinson's disease, alpha-synuclein, inflammasome, type I interferon, cGAS, TBK1, innate immunity, striatum, dopamine, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases, STING Protein, Animals, Parkinson Disease, Microglia, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mice, Dopaminergic Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
