Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans
Abstract
CONTEXT: Although numerous studies have documented the clear link between psychiatric conditions and suicide, few have allowed for the comparison between the strength of association between different psychiatric diagnoses and suicide. OBJECTIVE: To examine the strength of association between different types of psychiatric diagnoses and the risk of suicide in patients receiving health care services from the Department of Veterans Affairs in fiscal year (FY) 1999. DESIGN: This project examined National Death Index data and Veterans Health Administration patient treatment records. SETTING: Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration. PARTICIPANTS: All veterans who used Veterans Health Administration services during FY 1999 (N = 3 291 891) who were alive at the start of FY 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from patient treatment records in FY 1998 and 1999 and used to predict subsequent death by suicide during the following 7 years in sex-stratified survival analyses controlling for age. RESULTS: In the 7 years after FY 1999, 7684 veterans died by suicide. In diagnosis-specific analyses, patients with bipolar disorder had the greatest estimated risk of suicide among men (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 2.73-3.25), and patients with substance use disorders had the greatest risk among women (6.62; 4.72-9.29). CONCLUSIONS: Although all the examined psychiatric diagnoses were associated with elevated risk of suicide in veterans, results indicate that men with bipolar disorder and women with substance use disorders are at particularly elevated risk for suicide.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Consistent with other research, the study shows that people who die by suicide are more likely than the general population to have a mental health or substance use diagnosis.
“Consistent with other research, this study demonstrates that those who die by suicide are more likely than the general population to have a mental health or substance use diagnosis.36”
From Variation in patterns of health care before suicide: a population case-control study. (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care
Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040603 · Cited by 4,778 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn002 · Cited by 2,897 · see citing works
Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.
CAVANAGH, J. T. O., CARSON, A. J., SHARPE, M., & LAWRIE, S. M. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006943 · Cited by 2,207 · see citing works
Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients
Mann, J. J., Waternaux, C., Haas, G. L., & Malone, K. M. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.2.181 · Cited by 1,791 · cited 2× · see citing works
“By examining overlapping results from these different research methods, the presence of any psychiatric disorder has emerged as a consistent risk factor for suicide, with estimates from psychological autopsy studies of between 90% and 98% of all individuals who die by suicide meeting criteria for at least 1 psychiatri…”
BackgroundResultNock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.29 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000123 · Cited by 912 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, emerging literature regarding suicidal thoughts and nonfatal suicide attempts indicates that certain psychiatric conditions are more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts, whereas others have a stronger effect on suicidal behaviors in those individuals with ongoing suicidal ideation.(36-38) Comprehen…”
BackgroundNock, M. K., & Kessler, R. C. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.616 · Cited by 680 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Prior research has consistently found associations between psychiatric conditions (eg, depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], schizophrenia, and alcohol and/or drug use disorders) and risk of fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts.(12-17) However, determining the relative contribution of each…”
BackgroundLaursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v68n0612 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Epidemiology of completed and attempted suicide: toward a framework for prevention
Mościcki, E. K. (2001) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00032-9 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review
Hawton, K., Casañas i Comabella, C., Haw, C., & Saunders, K. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.004 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
Epidemiology of suicide in bipolar disorders: a systematic review of the literature
Pompili, M., Gonda, X., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Sher, L., Amore, M., Rihmer, Z., & Girardi, P. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12087 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
“Data derived from prospective follow-up studies suggested that among individuals with psychiatric conditions, BD had the strongest association with suicide (37).”
BackgroundSchaffer, A., Isometsä, E. T., Tondo, L., H Moreno, D., Turecki, G., Reis, C., Cassidy, F., Sinyor, M., Azorin, J., Kessing, L. V., et al. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12271 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Suicide in older adults: current perspectives
Conejero, I., Olié, É., Courtet, P., & Calati, R. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s130670 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
“Moreover, in a cohort including patients from both the Veterans Affairs National Patient Care Database and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Death Index, psychiatric disorders with the strongest associations with suicide were bipolar disorder, depression, substance use disorders (both alcohol a…”
Does Suicidal Ideation as Measured by the PHQ-9 Predict Suicide Among VA Patients?
Louzon, S. A., Bossarte, R., McCarthy, J. F., & Katz, I. R. (2016) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500149 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationMajor Physical Health Conditions and Risk of Suicide
Ahmedani, B. K., Peterson, E. L., Hu, Y., Rossom, R. C., Lynch, F., Lu, C. Y., Waitzfelder, B. E., Owen-Smith, A. A., Hubley, S., Prabhakar, D., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.001 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Bohnert, K. M., Ilgen, M., Louzon, S. A., Mccarthy, J., & Katz, I. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13774 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding Links among Opioid Use, Overdose, and Suicide
Bohnert, A. S. B., & Ilgen, M. A. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1802148 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCarthy, J. F., Bossarte, R. M., Katz, I. R., Thompson, C., Kemp, J., Hannemann, C. M., Nielson, C., & Schoenbaum, M. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302737 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion
Lima, I. M. M., Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.006 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
“BD has been shown to be the psychiatric disorder with the highest rates of completed suicide across two major cohort studies (Ilgen et al., 2010; Nordentoft, Mortensen, & Pedersen, 2011).”
BackgroundAssociation between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature.
Plans, L., Barrot, C., Nieto, E., Ríos, J., Schulze, T., Papiol, S., Mitjans, M., Vieta, E., & Benabarre, A. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Noncancer pain conditions and risk of suicide
Ilgen, M. A., Kleinberg, F., Ignacio, R. V., Bohnert, A. S. B., Valenstein, M., McCarthy, J. F., Blow, F. C., & Katz, I. R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.908 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationSchaffer, A., Isometsä, E. T., Tondo, L., Moreno, D. H., Sinyor, M., Kessing, L. V., Turecki, G., Weizman, A., Azorin, J.-M., Ha, K., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415594427 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Higher proportions were found in a large study of US Veterans (9.0% of suicides were among people with BD) (Ilgen et al., 2010), a national English sample (9.6% of all suicide deaths) (Clements et al., 2013), and among psychiatric outpatients (14% of all suicides) (Brown et al., 2000).”
InfluentialOestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women
Tangpricha, V., & den Heijer, M. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30319-9 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Military Sexual Trauma and Suicide Mortality.
Kimerling, R., Makin-Byrd, K. N., Louzon, S. A., Ignacio, R., & Mccarthy, J. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.019 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationOpioid dose and risk of suicide
Ilgen, M., Bohnert, A., Ganoczy, D., Bair, M., Mccarthy, J., & Blow, F. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000484 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk of death from accidental overdose associated with psychiatric and substance use disorders.
Bohnert, A., Ilgen, M., Ignacio, R., Mccarthy, J., Valenstein, M., & Blow, F. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101476 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationVariation in patterns of health care before suicide: a population case-control study.
Ahmedani, B. K., Westphal, J., Autio, K., Elsiss, F., Peterson, E. L., Beck, A., Waitzfelder, B. E., Rossom, R. C., Owen-Smith, A. A., Lynch, F., et al. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105796 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Mccarthy, J., Blow, F., Ignacio, R., Ilgen, M., Austin, K. L., & Valenstein, M. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300463 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicide categories by patterns of known risk factors: a latent class analysis.
Logan, J., Hall, J. E., & Karch, D. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.85 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Substance use disorders and risk of suicide in a general US population: a case control study
Lynch, F., Peterson, E., Lu, C. Y., Hu, Y., Rossom, R., Waitzfelder, B., Owen-Smith, A., Hubley, S. H., Prabhakar, D., Williams, L., et al. (2020) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-020-0181-1 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Forging an agenda for suicide prevention in the United States.
Caine, E. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301078 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Association Between Social Integration and Suicide Among Women in the United States
Tsai, A. C., Lucas, M., & Kawachi, I. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1002 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“With the exception of a growing literature based on data from the United Kingdom and Europe correlating changes in suicide rates with macroeconomic conditions during the recent economic crisis (6-9), most work in the field emphasizes the psychiatric, psychological, or biological determinants of suicide (10, 11).”
BackgroundTREATMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER REDUCES SUICIDAL IDEATION
Gradus, J., Suvak, M. K., Wisco, B. E., Marx, B. P., & Resick, P. A. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22117 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Mental Health Characteristics of Sexual Minority Veterans
Cochran, B. N., Balsam, K. F., Flentje, A., Malte, C., & Simpson, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2013.744932 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Finally, suicidality, which is commonly associated with a variety of mental health diagnoses, is an area of significant concern regarding both active duty personnel and military veterans (Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSchaffer, A., Isometsä, E. T., Azorin, J.-M., Cassidy, F., Goldstein, T., Rihmer, Z., Sinyor, M., Tondo, L., Moreno, D. H., Turecki, G., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415594428 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“In a more recent study, Ilgen et al. (2010) also reported adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide death to be higher in female US veterans (HR = 6.33) compared to male veterans (HR = 2.98).”
BackgroundInfluentialHellmuth, J. C., Stappenbeck, C., Hoerster, K. D., & Jakupcak, M. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21732 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Coleman, D. (2015) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2014.957453 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Fox, V., Dalman, C., Dal, H., Hollander, A., Kirkbride, J., & Pitman, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.009 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A systematic review of suicidal behaviour in men: A narrative synthesis of risk factors.
Richardson, C., Robb, K., & O'Connor, R. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113831 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Diagnosed Mental Health Conditions and Risk of Suicide Mortality
Yeh, H., Westphal, J., Hu, Y., Peterson, E., Williams, L., Prabhakar, D., Frank, C. B., Autio, K., Elsiss, F., Simon, G., et al. (2019) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800346 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Among veterans, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder were found to be associated with increased risk of suicide death (8).”
BackgroundResultFrom the outside looking in: Sense of belonging, depression, and suicide risk
Fisher, L. B., Overholser, J. C., Ridley, J., Braden, A., & Rosoff, C. (2015) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2015.1015867 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Individuals diagnosed with affective disorders are at significantly higher risk for suicidal behavior in both the general population (Möller, 2003) and among veterans (Ilgen et al., 2010); however, identification of risk factors for completed suicide among depressed individuals is surprisingly scarce (Hawton, Casañas…”
BackgroundHolliday, R., Borges, L. M., Stearns-Yoder, K. A., Hoffberg, A. S., Brenner, L. A., & Monteith, L. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01998 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Blosnich, J., Brown, G., Wojcio, S., Jones, K. T., & Bossarte, R. (2014) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2014.0050 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…ideation, suicide attempt, suicide plans) documented in a previous study, 18 the overall crude rate of suicide among veterans with transgender-related ICD-9-CM diagnoses (82/100,000 person-years) is higher than both the crude rates among the VHA in general 43 and the U.S. population in general.”
Finley, E., Bollinger, M., Noël, P., Amuan, M. E., Copeland, L., Pugh, J., Dassori, A., Palmer, R. F., Bryan, C., & Pugh, M. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.301957 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans’ Health Research Literature (2008–2015)
Danan, E. R., Krebs, E., Ensrud, K., Koeller, E., MacDonald, R., Velasquez, T., Greer, N., & Wilt, T. (2017) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4152-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Misclassification of suicide deaths: examining the psychiatric history of overdose decedents
Bohnert, A., Mccarthy, J., Ignacio, R., Ilgen, M., Eisenberg, A., & Blow, F. (2013) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040631 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationConner, K., Bossarte, R., He, H., Arora, J., Lu, N., Tu, X., & Katz, I. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.067 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“…of PTSD in suicide is unclear and the study of PTSD and suicide overall is at a nascent stage, there is a growing database on PTSD and suicide in users of the Veterans health administration (VHA) healthcare system (Bullman and Kang, 1994; Desai et al., 2005; Ilgen et al., 2010; Zivin et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFactors Associated with Suicidality Among a National Sample of Transgender Veterans.
Lehavot, K., Simpson, T. L., & Shipherd, J. C. (2016) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12233 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Bowe, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2015) · Journal of dual diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2014.989653 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Veterans with bipolar disorder in addition to PTSD and substance use disorder perhaps deserve special attention, as both bipolar and substance use disorders have difficult treatment courses and are associated with an elevated risk of suicide (Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundIlgen, M., Mccarthy, J., Ignacio, R., Bohnert, A., Valenstein, M., Blow, F., & Katz, I. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028266 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“• Psychiatric conditions are key risk factors for suicide in the general population (Nock et al., 2008) as well as VHA patients (Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAlcohol and Drug Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence in Women Veterans
Hoggatt, K. J., Jamison, A. L., Lehavot, K., Cucciare, M. A., Timko, C., & Simpson, T. L. (2015) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxu010 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Systematic review of women veterans' mental health.
Runnals, J., Garovoy, N., McCutcheon, S., Robbins, A. T., Mann-Wrobel, M. C., Elliott, A. V., & Strauss, J. (2014) · Women's health issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2014.06.012 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Recent work has more specifically indicated that women veterans with SUDs and men with bipolar disorder have increased risk for suicide (Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundKatz, I., Rogers, M., Lew, R., Thwin, S., Doros, G., Ahearn, E., Ostacher, M., DeLisi, L., Smith, E., Ringer, R., et al. (2021) · JAMA psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3170 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Gradus, J., Antonsen, S., Svensson, E., Lash, T., Resick, P., & Hansen, J. G. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv066 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C. A., Ilgen, M. A., Ganoczy, D. A., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K. M., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B. K., et al. (2018) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000257 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Despite the lack of suicide-focused research, peer specialists work in a variety of clinical and community settings to provide services to individuals with mental illness, a population that is at increased risk for suicide (Ilgen et al., 2010; Salzer, Schwenk, & Brusilovskiy 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSuicidality in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Emotion-Triggered Impulsivity
Johnson, S. L., Carver, C., & Tharp, J. A. (2016) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12274 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“In two prospective studies, one involving 3,291,891 Veterans Administration patients (Ilgen et al., 2010) and the other a national cohort of individuals who were followed for 36 years after a first psychiatric contact (Nordentoft, Mortensen, & Pedersen, 2011), bipolar disorder was found to be the…”
Bossarte, R., Knox, K., Piegari, R. I., Altieri, J., Kemp, J., & Katz, I. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300487 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Conner, K., Bohnert, A., Mccarthy, J., Valenstein, M., Bossarte, R., Ignacio, R., Lu, N., & Ilgen, M. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030163 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The methods and sample have been previously described in detail (Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationFeasibility and acceptability of interventions to delay gun access in VA mental health settings.
Walters, H. M., Kulkarni, M. R., Forman, J., Roeder, K. M., Travis, J., & Valenstein, M. (2012) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.07.012 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“diagnosis [2,3].”
Self-citationIntegrated Care: Treatment Initiation Following Positive Depression Screens
Szymanski, B. R., Bohnert, K. M., Zivin, K., & Mccarthy, J. (2013) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2218-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Depression is associated with increased mortality, including cardiovascular(4) and suicide mortality.(5) In the past decade, there have been focused concerns regarding depression treatment among Veterans, as highlighted in the Comprehensive Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Mental Health Strategic Plan.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPosttraumatic stress disorder and risk of suicidal behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Akbar, R., Arya, V., Conroy, E., Wilcox, H., & Page, A. (2022) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12931 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
ICD-10 Z-Code Health-Related Social Needs and Increased Healthcare Utilization
Bensken, W. P., Alberti, P. M., Stange, K. C., Sajatovic, M., & Koroukian, S. M. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Reducing suicidal ideation through evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder
Cox, K. S., Mouilso, E. R., Venners, M. R., Defever, M. E., Duvivier, L., Rauch, S. A. M., Strom, T. Q., Joiner, T. E., & Tuerk, P. W. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.05.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Pigeon, W., Funderburk, J., Cross, W. F., Bishop, T., & Crean, H. F. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz108 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Impact of psychotropic drugs on suicide and suicidal behaviors
Yerevanian, B., & Choi, Y.-M. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12098 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Allan, N. P., Gorka, S., Saulnier, K., & Bryan, C. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01413-z · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Characteristics of suicides among US army active duty personnel in 17 US states from 2005 to 2007.
Logan, J., Skopp, N. A., Karch, D., Reger, M., & Gahm, G. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300481 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hibbeln, J., & Gow, R. V. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00153 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tobacco use disorder and the risk of suicide mortality.
Bohnert, K. M., Ilgen, M., Mccarthy, J., Ignacio, R., Blow, F., & Katz, I. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12381 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicide Behaviors in Bipolar Disorder: A Review and Update for the Clinician.
Beyer, J., & Weisler, R. (2016) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.09.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lineberry, T., & O'Connor, S. S. (2012) · Mayo Clinic proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Death From Suicide
Gradus, J. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0965-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Suicide and Substance Use among Female Veterans: a Need for Research
Chapman, S. L. C., & Wu, L.-T. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Patterns of treatment utilization before suicide among male veterans with substance use disorders.
Ilgen, M., Conner, K., Roeder, K. M., Blow, F., Austin, K. L., & Valenstein, M. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300392 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The large number of suicides in male veterans with SUDs was consistent with previous research.(26) This previous research found that the risk of suicide associated with a SUD was lower than that for bipolar disorder or depression, but higher than that for schizophrenia, PTSD, and other anxiety disorders.”
ResultSelf-citationKatz, I., Mccarthy, J., Ignacio, R., & Kemp, J. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300503 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationAn open trial of motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation with hospitalized veterans.
Britton, P. C., Conner, K., & Maisto, S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21885 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Differences between veteran suicides with and without psychiatric symptoms.
Britton, P. C., Ilgen, M., Valenstein, M., Knox, K., Claassen, C., & Conner, K. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300415 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationRonzitti, S., Loree, A. M., Potenza, M., Decker, S. E., Wilson, S., Abel, E. A., Haskell, S., Brandt, C., & Goulet, J. (2019) · Women's health issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Britton, P. C., Bohnert, K. M., Ilgen, M. A., Kane, C., Stephens, B., & Pigeon, W. R. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1377-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Among psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, and other anxiety disorders were also associated with increased suicide risk, replicating VHA general population findings [22].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCorson, K., Denneson, L. M., Bair, M., Helmer, D., Goulet, J., & Dobscha, S. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.043 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Our non-findings for PTSD, SUD, anxiety disorders and TBI lie in contrast to several prior reports (Guerra and Calhoun, 2011; Ilgen et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 1999; Kline et al., 2011; Lemaire and Graham, 2011; Pietrzak et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultMilitary Personnel Who Seek Health and Mental Health Services Outside the Military.
Waitzkin, H., Cruz, M., Shuey, B., Smithers, D., Muncy, L., & Noble, M. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usx051 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Magruder, K., Yeager, D., & Brawman-Mintzer, O. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300451 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Service use in the month and year prior to suicide among adults enrolled in Ohio Medicaid
Fontanella, C. A., Warner, L. A., Hiance-Steelesmith, D. L., Sweeney, H. A., Bridge, J. A., McKeon, R., & Campo, J. V. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600206 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Suicide in bipolar disorder: characteristics and subgroups
Schaffer, A., Sinyor, M., Reis, C., Goldstein, B. I., & Levitt, A. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12219 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Traumatic Stress Interacts With Bipolar Disorder Genetic Risk to Increase Risk for Suicide Attempts
Wilcox, H., Fullerton, J., Glowinski, A., Benke, K., Kamali, M., Hulvershorn, L., Stapp, E., Edenberg, H., Roberts, G., Ghaziuddin, N., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.428 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rozek, D. C., Baker, S. N., Rugo, K. F., Steigerwald, V. L., Sippel, L. M., Holliday, R., Roberge, E. M., Held, P., Mota, N., & Smith, N. B. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2bcdw · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wastler, H., Lucksted, A., Phalen, P., & Drapalski, A. L. (2019) · Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000386 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Given the high rates of suicide among veterans with serious mental illness (e.g. Ilgen et al., 2010; Jahn et al., 2018), even this modest effect has important implications for suicide risk assessment, prevention, and intervention efforts.”
BackgroundBritton, P. C., Stephens, B., Wu, J., Kane, C. P., Gallegos, A. M., Ashrafioun, L., Tu, X., & Conner, K. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.029 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Conner, K., & Bagge, C. (2019) · Alcohol research : current reviews · doi:10.35946/arcr.v40.1.02 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Suicidal ideation and behavior in US veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Harvey, P. D., Posner, K., Rajeevan, N., Yershova, K., Aslan, M., & Concato, J. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Klimkiewicz, A., Ilgen, M., Bohnert, A., Jakubczyk, A., Wojnar, M., & Brower, K. (2012) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags069 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Alcohol use disorders are consistent predictors of suicidal thoughts and behavior (Henriksson et al., 1993, 1995; Inskip et al., 1998; Sher, 2006; Ilgen et al., 2010) and these disorders are more common among”
BackgroundSelf-citationIovine-Wong, P. E., Nichols-Hadeed, C., Stone, J. T., Gamble, S., Cross, W. F., Cerulli, C., & Levandowski, B. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy355 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bullman, T., Schneiderman, A. I., & Gradus, J. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12482 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gradus, J., Leatherman, S., Curreri, A. J., Myers, L., Ferguson, R. E., & Miller, M. C. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lin, L., Fortney, J., Bohnert, A., Coughlin, L., Zhang, L., & Piette, J. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108492 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Disturbances and Suicidality in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview of the Literature
Weber, F., Norra, C., & Wetter, T. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00167 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cooper, S. A., Szymanski, B. R., Bohnert, K. M., Sripada, R. K., & McCarthy, J. F. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15707 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Unique Health Needs of Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans
Waszak, D. L., & Holmes, A. (2017) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/2165079916682524 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans
Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12581 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kilbourne, A., Evans, E., & Atkins, D. (2021) · FASEB bioAdvances · doi:10.1096/fba.2020-00124 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
McClure, J. R., Criqui, M., Macera, C., Ji, M., Nievergelt, C., & Zisook, S. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“We chose a Veterans Administration psychiatric emergency clinic (VA PEC) for our study setting because VA PEC visitors represent a heterogeneous population that includes veterans at high risk of SI and SA such as recent returnees from Iraq and Afghanistan [8], and veterans with acute and chronic psychiatric or substan…”
MethodValenstein, M., Kim, H., Ganoczy, D., Eisenberg, D., Pfeiffer, P. N., Downing, K., Hoggatt, K., Ilgen, M., Austin, K. L., Zivin, K., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182539f11 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“(J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012;32: 346Y353) P atients with depressive disorders are at high risk for suicide.(1,2) Although antidepressant medications are effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adults, concerns have reemerged that antidepressant medications may increase rather than decrease suicide risks, parti…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEvaluation of Suicide Mortality Among Sexual Minority US Veterans From 2000 to 2017
Lynch, K. E., Gatsby, E., Viernes, B., Schliep, K., Whitcomb, B., Alba, P. R., Duvall, S., & Blosnich, J. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31357 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Team-Based Telecare for Bipolar Disorder
Bauer, M. S., Krawczyk, L., Miller, C. J., Abel, E. A., Osser, D., Franz, A., Brandt, C., Rooney, M., Fleming, J., & Godleski, L. (2016) · Telemedicine journal and e-health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0255 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“53 Not only was CVT-based consultation not associated with lapses in patient safety, the care model increased vigilance, activating the individual’s home medical center staff on multiple occasions to respond to suicidal ideation; this enhanced response may have contributed to the lack of reduction…”
Integration of peer support and computer-based CBT for veterans with depression
Nelson, C., Abraham, K. M., Walters, H. M., Pfeiffer, P. N., & Valenstein, M. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.012 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment-resistant depression and risk of suicide.
Pfeiffer, P. N., Kim, H., Ganoczy, D., Zivin, K., & Valenstein, M. (2013) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12022 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“approximately 2% to 5% of those with affective disorders who will die by suicide (Bostwick & Pankratz, 2000; Ilgen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationMood-, Anxiety-, and Substance Use Disorders and Suicide Risk in a Military Population Cohort
Conner, K., McCarthy, M. D., Bajorska, A., Caine, E., Tu, X., & Knox, K. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00125.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Accordingly, major western reports on suicide have noted the importance of preventing, detecting, and treating mental disorders as part of a comprehensive strategy for suicide prevention (U.S. Public Health Service, 1999; Institute of Medicine, 2002; U.S. Department of Defense, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialMccarthy, J., Szymanski, B. R., Karlin, B., & Katz, I. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301292 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationGulf War and Health: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness.
War, G. (2017) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-16-00325 · Cited by 25
- Authors
- Ilgen, M. A., Bohnert, A. S. B., Ignacio, R. V., McCarthy, J. F., Valenstein, M. M., Kim, H. M., & Blow, F. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1152
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060307158
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- suicide risk, psychiatric diagnosis, veterans, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, sex differences, suicide mortality, Department of Veterans Affairs, National Death Index
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Cause of Death, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Delivery of Health Care, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Suicide, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Age Distribution, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
